張爾岐《易》學特色與定位析論

Abstract

張爾岐（字稷若，號蒿庵，1612－1677）為明末清初重要經學家。張氏《周易說略》於眾《易》注選擇《周易本義》，並藉由對《本義》作簡要的義理解釋與發揮，承繼朱子重「本義」的精神，主張探求「理之象」，闡發聖人的教誡義。張氏《易》學的另一特色是透過講學推廣《易》教。張氏的《易》學哲學重視元氣，主張理氣不二、理勢合一，與王船山的觀點有同有異。張氏《易》學之重要性實為在元、明釋象、釋義過度發展之後，重新正視並回應朱子的主張，順應《易》學的發展。與同時期的刁包相較，張氏治《易》近於朱子，刁包治《易》近於伊川。張氏《易》學有其特色，值得吾人關注。

Zhang- erqi, active during the late Ming Dynasty and the early Quing Dynasty, is one of the important scholars of Confucian Classics. His Zhouyishuolüe is based on Benyi, quoting other scholars’ as well as his personal viewpoints, and interpriting, complementing and further revising what Benyi might have mentioned. The way Zhang- erqi interpreted Yijing mostly follows Classics and Annotations, interpreting and developing the teachings of great minds.Zhang-erqi does not only interest in pure study in academic field, and promoting the study of Yijing learning. He demonstrates other contributions. His characteristic lies in his emphasis on flowing trend; consequently, he points out that humans pay attention to the conditions we are dealing with. Therefore, the principle is to lead a harmonious life in accordance with golden rules and conditions. After the over-development of interpreting the Yijing by means of images and numbers and by means of philosophic ways during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it is time for Zhang-erqi to take Zhu-zi’s thoughts seriously, and to properly develop the context of Yijing. Compared with his contemporary scholar, Diao Bao, Zhang’s study approach is close to that of Zhu- zi while Diao Bao’s to Yi- chuan. Zhang-erqi has his own traits, which is worth our notice.