樂信‧瓦旦在不同政權下的角色轉換 ── 一個生命史的考察研究
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2020
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樂信．瓦旦（Losin Watan），日文名「日野三郎」、「渡井三郎」，戰後改漢名為「林瑞昌」，為本文主要研究對象。本文從生命史的角度切入，旨在探究樂信．瓦旦在不同政權下的角色轉換。值得注意的是，樂信．瓦旦在日本殖民政權與戰後國民黨政權皆擔任公職，積極與政府合作；然而，這樣的合作與轉換角色的同時，是否意味著認同的轉換？為本文欲處理的課題。
本文首先就樂信．瓦旦所屬的部族、家庭背景、教育、工作、對政府的建言、對族群地位的見解與付出的努力等內容進行闡述。這些環節緊密相扣，影響著樂信．瓦旦的決定以及生命走向。其次討論樂信．瓦旦被捲入政治案件的過程、其家人親屬在樂信．瓦旦政治案件發生後的處境，以及後續的平反與紀念工作。
細究樂信．瓦旦與兩個政權的合作原因，大致有三：第一，樂信．瓦旦受父親的影響，了解到族群的命運是在泰雅族gaga之下與族人相互交錯著，而身為領導者的他，是族人命運之所繫。當年他的父親選擇臣服於日本，並把樂信．瓦旦交出作為人質，是為了保全族人的生活安定，因此樂信．瓦旦也承襲這樣的思想。
第二，對樂信．瓦旦來說，與日本政府合作，使族人能有「文明進步」的生活，因為有了這樣的「進步」觀念也見到其落實，使樂信．瓦旦了解到國家／政府的力量，繼而對與新政權合作也抱持正面的態度。
第三，戰後原住民菁英相繼被派任為地方基層鄉長，這是原住民進入近代國家體制後，首次得以擔任地方首長一職，筆者認為對樂信．瓦旦來說，這或許正意味著原住民地位的提升。
整體而言，筆者認為，樂信．瓦旦對兩個政權僅是「策略性合作」，其一以貫之的核心思想，仍以原住民為主體出發，希望藉由政府力量，追求讓原住民（族）擁有更好的生活。
This thesis aims to research the life history of Losin Watan. The study examines how he changes his role under different regimes. Losin Watan served as a public official and had close cooperation with the government in both the Japanese colonial period and post-war KMT ruling period. However, does such cooperation and role transformation mean a change in identity? This would be the topic to be addressed in this article. This article elaborates the tribe history, family background, education, occupation, advice to the government, opinions and efforts on the status of ethnic groups of Losin Watan. All of these factors affect the decision of Losin Watan and the development of his life. Then, the article discusses the political case about the process how Losin Watan was involved in, the situation of his family afterwards, and the rehabilitation and memorial of him. There are three reasons why Losin Watan cooperates with the two regimes: First, Losin Watan believed that as a leader, the destiny of the ethnic group is strongly intertwined with him. Losin’s father once exchanged Losin as a hostage for the state of living of the tribes, and Losin was also influenced by his father. Secondly, cooperating with the Japanese government enables his people to have a "civilized and progressive" life, thus Losin Watan understands the power of the government. That’s why he held a positive attitude to cooperate with the new regime. Thirdly, after the war, aboriginal elites were successively appointed as local public officials. I speculate that, for Losin Watan, it means the promotion of aboriginal status. Overall, I believe that Losin Watan only strategically cooperates with the two regimes. His main ideology is to pursue a better life for the indigenous people making use of the power of government.
This thesis aims to research the life history of Losin Watan. The study examines how he changes his role under different regimes. Losin Watan served as a public official and had close cooperation with the government in both the Japanese colonial period and post-war KMT ruling period. However, does such cooperation and role transformation mean a change in identity? This would be the topic to be addressed in this article. This article elaborates the tribe history, family background, education, occupation, advice to the government, opinions and efforts on the status of ethnic groups of Losin Watan. All of these factors affect the decision of Losin Watan and the development of his life. Then, the article discusses the political case about the process how Losin Watan was involved in, the situation of his family afterwards, and the rehabilitation and memorial of him. There are three reasons why Losin Watan cooperates with the two regimes: First, Losin Watan believed that as a leader, the destiny of the ethnic group is strongly intertwined with him. Losin’s father once exchanged Losin as a hostage for the state of living of the tribes, and Losin was also influenced by his father. Secondly, cooperating with the Japanese government enables his people to have a "civilized and progressive" life, thus Losin Watan understands the power of the government. That’s why he held a positive attitude to cooperate with the new regime. Thirdly, after the war, aboriginal elites were successively appointed as local public officials. I speculate that, for Losin Watan, it means the promotion of aboriginal status. Overall, I believe that Losin Watan only strategically cooperates with the two regimes. His main ideology is to pursue a better life for the indigenous people making use of the power of government.
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樂信．瓦旦, 林瑞昌, 日野三郎, 渡井三郎, 生命史, 原住民, 白色恐怖, Losin Watan, Lin, Jui-chang, Hino Saburo, Watai Saburo, ife history, aboriginal people, the White Terror