漢代「偶馬」造型研究—以陶、青銅、木偶馬為中心

Abstract

漢代偶馬在兩漢時期墓葬文化中扮演了重要角色。這一習俗源自先秦時期的車馬葬，將人們在生前使用的交通工具與墓主一同下葬至墓室。此種做法主要存在於貴族與皇室成員的墓葬中，展現其地位性。此些出土偶馬使我們得以欣賞到漢代陶俑所展現的精湛工藝。過往對於漢代偶馬的研究主要集中於知名墓葬中，由於漢墓往往受到盜掘的影響，考古材料相對零散，資訊不完整。迄今為止，未有文章整理大量漢代偶馬資料並進行相互比較，以對漢代偶馬的時代序與體態變化進行全面性的探討。

本文研究著重於兩漢時期之偶馬造型差異及其時代序，藉由探討先秦時期之偶俑出現及偶馬形成之因，深入瞭解兩漢時期之偶馬之發現、墓葬形制差異、陪葬文化之地域性轉移，並闡述偶馬之時代序造型差異、馬種問題，以及博物館館藏之多元性等議題。本研究旨在透過大量資料分析，釐清兩漢時期偶馬之時代造型變遷，以深化對該領域之認識。

During the Han Dynasty, horse figurines played a vital role in the burial culture of the era. This practice, originating from pre-Qin chariot and horse burials, involved placing the means of transportation used in life alongside the deceased in their tomb. Mostly found in the tombs of nobles and members of the imperial family, it showcased their social status. These unearthed horse figurines allow us to admire the exceptional craftsmanship displayed by Han Dynasty pottery figurines.Previous research on Han Dynasty horse figurines has mainly focused on well-known tombs. Due to the impact of tomb looting, archaeological materials are often scattered, and information is incomplete. To date, there has been no article that systematically organizes a large amount of data on Han Dynasty horse figurines and conducts comparative analysis to comprehensively investigate the chronological and morphological changes of these figurines over time.

This study focuses on the differencesin form and chronology of Han Dynasty horse figurines. By analyzing a large amount of data, it aims to clarify the changes in their styles over time and deepen our understanding of this field. The research explores the origins of clay horse figurines, regional variations in tomb structures and burial customs, and addresses issues such as the diversity of museum collections.