台灣企業甲級足球聯賽俱樂部對AFC俱樂部法規之遵從

Abstract

足球俱樂部認證制度，設定足球俱樂部加入洲際俱樂部聯賽或國內聯賽須滿足之最低標準。AFC訂定洲際級別俱樂部法規《AFC俱樂部認證規程》，共有運動精神條件、基礎設施條件、人員與行政管理條件、法律條件、財務條件等五大面向之要求，要求足球俱樂部遵從。本研究採Haas與Bilder提出之遵從理論 (Compliance Theories) 框架，以內容分析法就監控、認證、水平連結、嵌套、能力建構、國家關注、制度規格等觀點，分析企甲聯賽俱樂部對遵從AFC俱樂部法規之回應、能力與意願。企甲聯賽俱樂部循AFC俱樂部法規之規範，定期繳交審查資料，接受來自中華足協和AFC之監控，並經認證，取得俱樂部認證執照。然，發現既有之規模與經營模式難滿足AFC俱樂部法規所示之要求，透過組建梯隊、擴大俱樂部人力編制、改變俱樂部體制及經營方式等手段，尋求轉型以更加貼合AFC俱樂部法規。於中華足協引進國內級別俱樂部法規和辦理青年聯賽後，企甲聯賽俱樂部遵從AFC俱樂部法規之困難度相對減低。同時，藉海外交流、來自AFC和中華足協的輔導和相關課程下，得以對AFC俱樂部法規有更好地遵從。另一方面，儘管政府將協助遵從AFC俱樂部法規列入其政策，對企甲聯賽俱樂部幫助有限。本研究認為，按遵從理論言之，當今企甲聯賽俱樂部皆至少具遵從AFC俱樂部法規之能力。雖因遵從代價高，影響不同性質俱樂部遵從之意願，但目前正在軌道上。總結，企甲聯賽俱樂部遵從AFC俱樂部法規之可能性，屬於有能力、有意願，在高代價之遵從下，「可能」遵從AFC俱樂部法規，未來有可能實質遵從AFC俱樂部法規。The club licensing system for football clubs establishes minimum standards that clubs must meet to join intercontinental club competitions or domestic leagues. Asian Football Confederation (AFC) has formulated the AFC Club Licensing Regulations (CLR), which encompass requirements across five major dimensions: Sporting Criteria, Infrastructure Criteria, Personnel and Administrative Criteria, Legal Criteria, and Financial Criteria. These regulations are to be adhered to by clubs. This study adopts the framework of compliance theories proposed by Haas and Bilder, utilizing content analysis to examine the responses, capacity, and willingness of Taiwan Football Premier League (TFPL) clubs to comply with AFC CLR. TFPL clubs adhere to the norms of AFC CLR by regularly submitting materials, undergoing monitoring by the Chinese Taipei Football Association (CTFA) and AFC, and obtaining certification to acquire club license. However, TFPL clubs found it difficult to meet the criteria set by AFC due to their existing scale and operational model. Therefore, by forming youth teams, expanding club staffing, and restructuring organizational frameworks, they seek transformation to better comply with AFC CLR. After CTFA introduced the domestic CLR and organized the Youth League, the difficulty for TFPL clubs to comply with the AFC CLR was relatively reduced. Furthermore, TFPL clubs can better comply with AFC CLR through opportunities to interact with overseas institutions, receive guidance and take courses from AFC and CTFA. On the other hand, despite the government's inclusion of assisting TFPL clubs's compliance with AFC CLR in its policies, the assistance provided to TFPL clubs remains limited. This has led us to conclude that according to compliance theories, all current TFPL clubs possess the capability to comply with AFC CLR. Even though compliance comes at a high cost and affects the willingness of TFPL clubs of different natures to comply, the clubs are currently on the right track. The possibility of TPFL clubs complying with AFC CLR is that theyhave the ability and willingness to do so at a high cost, potentially complying with AFC CLR. In the future, it is possible to actually comply with AFC CLR.