藤原定家的漢學素養及其生活──以日記《明月記》為中心

Abstract

自漢籍東傳日本以來，漢學對古代日本在各方面造成許多重大影響。進入平安時代後，漢學發展來到日本漢學史上的第一個高峰。平安時代貴族，其學問基礎為漢學。即使到平安時代末期，漢學在和文學的光芒下不如以往耀眼，但平安貴族仍需具備相當的漢學素養。

藤原定家是日本中世重要的貴族文人代表，身處平安末期與鎌倉初期的時代。藤原定家作為一名朝廷公卿，自然也具備了漢學素養。本文從其漢文日記《明月記》研究藤原定家的漢學素養，以漢籍為研究角度切入，觀察《明月記》中藤原定家究竟閱讀、記錄、運用了哪些中國漢籍？而為了更加清楚解明此時漢籍在貴族、文人間的表現，因此，《明月記》中記錄其他公卿、文人與漢籍的相關記載，也一併整理分析。針對《明月記》引用中國漢籍原典的部分，一方面統計其書籍分類，另一方面結合時空背景，將原典與日記原文進行比較。

本文從中國漢籍解讀藤原定家的漢學素養，和以往研究最大的不同點在於筆者從《明月記》察覺到漢學與其生活的關聯性。由《明月記》的行文之間，可以觀察到藤原定家的漢學素養具體表現於生活中，涵蓋了公與私的部分，例如：政務、天文、讀書、創作、身心狀態等。將藤原定家的漢學素養與生活結合，對於研究藤原定家在中國漢籍原典的理解方面十分有幫助，可以窺知中國漢籍在傳至日本後，當地文人與中國文人在解讀、運用上的差異。除此之外，或許還可以從藤原定家對中國典故的引用中，察覺其心理活動。藉由本文的考察，可望對藤原定家的漢學素養有更多具體的了解。The study of the Chinese classics has caused a significant impact in many aspects since its spread from ancient Japan. After Heian, development came to the first peak of the study of the Chinese classics in the history of Japan. The aristocracy of the Heian, their knowledge base for the study of the Chinese classics. Even in the late Heian, the study of the Chinese classics development have been below per in early Heian, but they still have well-grounded in the study of the Chinese classics.

Fujiwarano Sadaie is an important representative of a literary man during the Medieval Period of History in Japan. As the nobility, he has well-grounded in the study of the Chinese classics. This article study of the Meigetsugi : the Diary of classical Chinese by Fujiwarano Sadaie. Trying to find out what to read, and knowing the use of the Chinese classics. In order to know more clearly the nobility in the late Heian, I also research someone related to the Chinese classics of the Meigetsugi. As for the Meigetsugi, I compare the original Chinese classics with this text.

The biggest difference between this article and former studies is that I found out that he is well-grounded in the study of the Chinese classics, and that it is based on his life. For example: government, astronomy, reading, writing, and his body and thinking, etc.. It is very helpful to study Fujiwarano Sadaie mainly because of his understanding of the Chinese classics. We can know that those literary men were different in reading and using of the Chinese classics in the late Heian. Perhaps we may know his thinking through reading his diary. By the study of this article, I am supposed to have a more specific understanding of Fujiwarano Sadaie.