比較國內外韻律體操整套之動作-時間結構

Abstract

動作-時間結構分析是一種探討運動競賽中不同強度動作結構的方式。過去研究發 現國內韻律體操選手於技術上表現不及國際，但以動作強度的編排及表現則少見相關 資訊與研究。目的:以動作-時間結構分析方式探討國內外高水準韻律體操競賽整套動 作中整套強度類別的差異。方法:以 2019 年世界錦標賽個人單項前八名、2019 年全國 運動會前八名選手，共 64 套比賽內容為研究範圍，從 YouTube 以及中華民國體操協會 取得比賽影片，以 Simi Scout 標記分析軟體紀錄四種強度動作的次數及時間，並以混 合設計二因子多變量變異數分析，檢驗兩項錦標賽及四種強度類別對四種手具項目的 動作次數及時間等表現變項之影響，統計考驗水準設為 α = .05。結果:棒、帶項目在 錦標賽與強度的交互作用均達顯著效果 (ps<.05)，環、球項目於強度主要效果達顯著 差異。世錦賽與全運會於次數、總時間與平均時間的強度結構類似，低強度皆為次數 最多、所佔時間最長;國際賽的球、棒、帶項目高強度動作在次數上有多於國內賽的 趨勢，而在低強度動作國際賽則是在次數高於，但平均時間低於國內賽。結論:無論 國內外比賽動作強度結構一般均有高、低強度多於中強度、中高強度動作的趨勢，但 國內外比賽在高強度與低強度動作次數與時間的差異，可能分別反映在體能與技能上 的不足。 關鍵詞:比賽表現分析、體能表現、動作強度Time-motion analysis is a method to investigate the movement structures of different intensities in sport competitions. Prior research has found that domestic rhythmic gymnasts’ technical performance is inferior to that of international gymnasts. However, the relevant research focusing on movement intensity and performance is rare. OBJECTIVE: the purpose of the study was to use the time-motion analysis method to examine the different intensity levels of sets of routines in international and domestic high-level rhythmic gymnastics competitions. Methods: The participants of the study included the top eight teams in 2019 World Championships and National Games. Sixty-four sets of routine from international and national competitions were analyzed, and the competition videos were obtained from the YouTube channel and Chinese Taipei Gymnastic Association. The Simi Scout notation system was used to record the frequency and time of movements of four different intensities, and the mixed design MANOVA was used to examine the effect of intensity levels in two tournaments on the movement frequencies and times of four types of apparatuses. The significant level was set as α = .05. RESULTS: There were significant interaction effect between tournaments and intensity levels for clubs and ribbon. (ps< .05); significant main effect of intensity level was also found for hoop and ball. There were similar intensity effect on the frequencies, total time, and average time for World Championships and National Games where the low-intensity has Graduate Student :Chia-Yi Lu Advisor : Yeou-Teh Liu the most frequencies and longest duration. The frequencies of high intensity movement in ball, clubs, and ribbon in international competitions tend to be more than those in domestic competitions. Conclusions: The frequencies of low intensity movement in international competitions were more than those of domestic competitions, but the average time was less than that of domestic competitions. The results indicated that there were more high and low intensity movement in both domestic and international competitions than moderate and moderate-high intensity movement. However, the difference in frequencies and time of movement intensity between high and low intensity levels in both domestic and international competitions may have come from the differential physical strength and skills, respectively.Keywords: Performance analysis of sport, Fitness performance, Movement intensity