臺灣古蹟修復之人力探討-以木作匠師為例

Abstract

臺灣古蹟、歷史建築文化資產保存與修護經過了三十多年的發展，落實在古蹟、歷史建築修復保存觀念與追求真實性的精神已趨近於國際上的修復標準，不斷在進步。但臺灣古蹟、歷史建築的修復專業施工人力卻日漸凋零，尤其以木作匠師最為嚴重。 本研究目的在探討臺灣古蹟、歷史建築修復時，木作匠師地位和功能、經驗價值和養成方法，作為政府人才培訓及核發證照參考。本研究就民國71年(1982年) 《文化資產保存法》公佈實施以來至今，傳統木作匠師參與古蹟、歷史建築修復工作情形，深入訪談從事有關古蹟、歷史建築專家學者、建築師、營造廠、工地主任、監造工程師、木作匠師、木工師父，同時以相關文獻深入探討、研究、歸納、分析，得出研究結果如下： 1.臺灣古蹟、歷史建築修復時，木作匠師地位和功能。 產業界學歷的差異、修復案場的多元化、人力養成體系瓦解、修復認證 資格取得、各修復類型實際產生的修復相關課題，導致臺灣木作匠師的 地位和功能降低。 2.臺灣古蹟、歷史建築修復時，木作匠師經驗價值。 對於木作匠師修復經驗的仰賴、現場施工時問題點的釐清、試作工項則 是現今木作匠師最大的經驗價值。 3.臺灣古蹟、歷史建築修復時，木作匠師之養成方法，作為政府人才培訓 及核發證照參考。 由技職教育體制著手，建立長遠、永續的認證機制，進一步提昇榮譽 感。透過國內外技術交流的方式讓技術永續與提昇，整體古蹟、歷史建 築修復環境的改善，進一步的讓人才永續。 木作匠師人力的問題很多是來自於根源性古蹟、歷史建築保存制度、教育體系的問題。建議政府設置傳統技藝技術專門學校，提升木作匠師證照認證機制的永續性與榮譽感，調整採購體系與現今建築發展環境配合，以確保人力永續。

關鍵字：古蹟、歷史建築、文化資產保存法、木作匠師After more than thirty years of development in preservation and restoration of historic buildings and cultural heritage, the concepts of preservation and the spirit to pursue the authenticity have reached to an international level and still in constant progress. However, the number of capable technicians specialized in historic buildings restoration is decreasing. The shortage of master woodworking craftsmen is in an especially serious condition in this industry. In order to cultivate future technicians and set up a certification standard, this research aims to understand the position, functions, the values of experience, and methods of training of woodworking craftsmen in the field of historic buildings restoration. Based on the concept of Cultural Heritage Preservation Act implemented in 1982, this research addresses the exact participation of traditional woodworking craftsmen in historic buildings’ field. Relevant researchers, architects, construction companies and other professionals are interviewed. Conclusions of the study are threefold. 1. The prospective of woodworking craftsmen are very different between academic and practical point of views in terms of their position and functions in Taiwan. The collapse of traditional technique development and other issues result in the low position and functions. 2. The woodworking craftsmen values experiences. The practical fields of restoration require years of experiences, especially in experience of attempting project. 3. The development of woodworking craftsmen training can be accomplished through obtaining government issued certificates. The recommendations of this study are to establish vocational schools of traditional restore techniques and improve the mechanism of woodworking craftsmen certificates to ensure the consistency with historical design. Also, adjusting the system of purchase department to fit in the modern architecture development is suggested as well to maintain the capacity of woodworking craftsmen in historical building restore field. Key words: heritage, historical building, Cultural Heritage Preservation Act, woodworking craftsmen.