氣學系譜下的注莊方法論

Abstract

本研究以方法論的角度，討論歷代注解《莊子》的著作。「方法論」一詞是當代學術規範下的詞彙，指面對研究對象所採用的策略或手段。然傳統注解《莊子》的思想家們，並未對自身的注解策略進行反思，缺乏對本身著作的後設性思考。因此，本研究採用「方法論」的角度，以探析傳統注《莊》著作中所蘊藏的思維方式。本研究將傳統的解《莊》著作，分為黃老、道教、玄學、佛教、理學五個面向進行探討，以這五種時代思潮作為注解思想家的方法基礎，進而在時代思潮的框架下，產生各別著作對《莊子》的不同理解。因此，以《莊子》一書的注解與詮釋，來探析中國傳統的思維方式，並提出五種關於《莊子》用語方式，作為傳統的方法論思維。除了從傳統思維中提供當代學術的方法論思考外，亦可由以《莊子》為核心的思考方式，來調整當代方法論思維對「意識」的過度側重。在「方法論」思考方式中，實則是蘊藏著關於「本體論」的理論圖式。「氣」是莊子思想的核心，同時也是中國傳統思維的基礎。故本研究藉由對傳統解《莊》的研究來提出方法論思考外，同時也以「氣學本體論」提供對傳統思維的本體論想像。This study discusses the works that have annotated Zhuangzi in the past dynasties from a methodological perspective. The term"methodology" is a term used in contemporary academic norms and refers to the strategies or means used to face the research object. However, the thinkers who traditionally annotated Zhuangzi did not reflect on their own annotation strategies and lacked meta-contemplation of their own works. Therefore, this study adopts a "methodological" perspective to explore the thinking patterns contained in the traditional annotations of "Zhuangzi". This study divides the traditional annotation of "Zhuangzi"into five aspects: Huang-Lao, Taoism, metaphysics, Buddhism, and Neo-Confucianism. These five eras of thought are used as the basis for the method of annotating thinkers. Then, within the framework of the era of thought, This resulted in different understandings of"Zhuangzi" in different works. Therefore, this article uses the annotations and interpretations of the book "Zhuangzi" to explore the traditional Chinese way of thinking, and proposes five ways of using "Zhuangzi" as traditional methodological thinking. In addition to providing contemporary academic methodological thinking from traditional thinking, the excessive emphasis on "consciousness" in contemporary methodological thinking can also be adjusted by thinking with "Zhuangzi" as the core. In the "methodological" way of thinking, there is actually a theoretical schema about "ontology". "Qi" is the core of Zhuangzi's thought and the basis of traditional Chinese thinking. Therefore, this study not only proposes methodological thinking through the study of traditional interpretations of "Zhuangzi", but also provides ontological imagination of traditional thinking using "Ontology of Qi".