中華職棒啦啦隊員職涯發展與轉換之探析

Abstract

本研究目的在從職涯發展與轉換角度，分析職棒啦啦隊員這個新興職業的特性和現況。研究方法包括蒐集新聞、文獻、雜誌和影像資料建立中華職棒大聯盟6隊啦啦隊簡史，進入田野觀察並以半結構式訪談，訪問18位中職現役、轉職和退休的啦啦隊員。研究發現中職啦啦隊2005年到2024年從1隊增加為6隊，人數從9人增加到139人。2020到2023年共25人退休後離開啦啦隊舞台、10人在原隊退休後轉往其他球隊啦啦隊發展、6人在職棒啦啦隊退休後轉往職籃啦啦隊發展、3人因為結婚離開啦啦隊舞台。研究結果顯示職棒啦啦啦隊員的職涯發展有2個時期3個階段；職涯轉換有5種類型，分別為「退休和退而不休」、「多角經營」、「轉任球團行政職」、「獨立經紀人」、「球場主持人」，且職涯發展的前3年是關鍵期，造成職涯轉換的外在因素分別為「人氣」、「收入」、「同儕競爭」、「球團考核」、「新媒體興起」和「引進韓籍啦啦隊」，內在因素為「興趣」、「年齡」和「外型」，影響中職啦啦隊員職涯轉換的外在因素大過內在因素，主要為「人氣」和「收入」。

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics and current situation of the emerging profession of CPBL cheerleaders from the perspective of career development and transition. The research methods include collecting news, documents, magazines and video materials to establish a brief history of the 6 cheerleading teams in CPBL, conducting field observations and conducting semi-structured interviews with 18 active, transferred and retired cheerleaders of the CPBL. The study found that the number of secondary vocational cheerleading teams increased from 1 team to 6 teams from 2005 to 2024, and the number of cheerleaders increased from 9 to 139. From 2020 to 2023, a total of 25 people left the cheerleading stage after retiring, 10 people moved to cheerleading teams of other teams after retiring from the original team, 6 people moved to the professional basketball cheerleading team after retiring from the professional baseball cheerleading team, and 3 people left the cheerleading stage because of marriage. Research results show that the career development of professional baseball cheerleaders has 2 periods and 3 stages; there are 5 types of career transitions, namely"retirement and retirement without rest", "multi-facted management", "transition to team administrative position", "independent agent", "field host", and the first 3 years of career will be a critical period. The external factors that cause career transition are "popularity", "income", "peer competition", "team assessment" , "the rise of new media" and "introducing Korean cheerleaders", the internal factors are "interest", "age" and "appearance" respectively.The external factors that affect thecareer transition of secondary vocational cheerleaders are greater than the internal factors, mainly"popularity" and "income".