聯合國中的交鋒：1950年中國控訴美國侵略臺灣案研究

Abstract

韓戰爆發後，東亞冷戰局勢急劇升高，美、蘇兩陣營國家不但在戰場上兵戎相見，也在外交舞台上展開激烈的交鋒。1950 年8 月，中華人民共和國為回應美軍進入臺灣海峽的行動，向聯合國控訴美國侵略臺灣。這件控案既有亞洲冷戰的背景，又是第二次世界大戰與中國內戰的延續。由於臺海兩岸各有一個「中國」政府，案件發展不但牽涉到聯合國中國代表權與臺灣地位問題，同時關係到美、蘇集團在朝鮮半島的對抗局勢與以美、英為主的西方國家在遠東問題上的複雜互動。同時，這個案件促成北京代表首次出席聯合國會議， 是兩岸「中國」代表唯一一次在聯合國正面交鋒，引起國際社會廣泛關注。臺北為阻止北京代表出席會議，首次在安理會主張行使否決權，最終卻沒有發生效果，是聯合國歷史上罕見的案例。由本案的發展過程可見冷戰時期東亞複雜多元的國際關係，也是觀察聯合國與遠東國際問題的良好窗口。

After the outbreak of the Korean War, the Cold War in the East Asia became increasingly intense, the struggle between the Western and Eastern blocs was extended to the diplomatic confrontation in the United Nations. In August 1950, as a reaction to the US military presence in the Strait of Taiwan, the Peoples’ Republic of China accused the US of violating the sovereignty of China. Due to the fact that there was one China government respectively in the both sides of the Strait of Taiwan, this case involved inevitably with the issues of the representative right of China and the political status of Taiwan. Meanwhile, due to the aggressive atmosphere of the Cold War, the case entangled itself into the complicated international politics and the Western bloc’s Far East policies after the Korean War. Because of this event, for the first time the PRC’s representatives attended the United Nations. It was also the only once that the representatives of “Chinese” governments from the both sides of the Strait of Taiwan confronted face to face in the United Nations.