女性籃球選手在不同專項位置及不同防守情境之運動負荷

Abstract

籃球比賽中防守在一場比賽中扮演著重要的角色，因此進行量化了解比賽中球隊在防守上的運動負荷，歸納不同情境及個人專項位置，減少受傷風險。目的：探討女性籃球選手在各專項位置之半場防守情境與半場加全場防守情境負荷差異比較。方法：招募13名甲組女子大專籃球運動員(7名後場選手、6名前場選手)，選手在不同防守情境配戴慣性感測器(Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU)及心率帶，外在負荷使用IMU訊號計算出PlayerLoad(PL)與不同方向的負荷值。內在負荷透過心率帶擷取最大心率(Maximal Heart Rate, Hrmax)、平均心率(Average Heart Rate, HRavg)及計算區段訓練衡量法(summated heart rate zone, SHRZ)。另外比較內外在負荷整合指標SHRZ：PL。內外在負荷各變項以專項位置與防守情境進行混和設計二因子變異數分析進行統計考驗。結果：PL兩種專項位置與六種防守情境均未達顯著，內在負荷SHRZ、Hrmax、HRavg半場情境與半場+全場的防守情境有顯著差異，SHRZ：PL兩種專項位置與六種防守情境未達顯著。結論：不同防守情境後場選手PL數值高主因於垂直方向、左右方向與額狀面的動作，前場選手雖然沒有較高的外在負荷，但在內外負荷比率中有很高的負荷，此結果提供了專項訓練與防守情境的訓練方針。

In a basketball game, defense plays an important role in a game. Therefore, a quantitative understanding of the team's sports load on defense in the game is carried out, and different situations and individual special positions are summarized to reduce the risk of injury. Objective: To explore the comparison of the load difference between the half-court defense and half-court plus full-court defense situation of female basketball players in each special position. Method: Recruit 13 female college basketball players in Group A (7 backcourt players, 6 frontcourt players). The players wear Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and heart rate belts in different defensive situations, and use IMU for external load. The signal calculates the PlayerLoad (PL) and the load value in different directions. The internal load captures the maximum heart rate (Maximal Heart Rate, Hrmax), the average heart rate (HRavg) and the calculated zone training measurement method (summated heart rate zone, SHRZ) through the heart rate belt. In addition, compare the internal and external load integration index SHRZ: PL. Each variable of internal and external load is tested by a mixed design two-factor variance analysis of special position and defensive situation for statistical test. Result: The two special positions of PL and the six defensive situations are not significant. The internal load SHRZ half-court situation and half-time + full-court defensive situation are significantly different. Hrmax half-court situation and half-court + full-court defensive situation are significantly different. HRavg There is a significant difference between the half-court situation and the half-court + full-court defensive situation. The two special positions of SHRZ: PL and the six defensive situations are not significant. Conclusion: The high PL values of the backcourt players in different defensive situations are mainly due to the vertical, left-right and frontal movements. Although the frontcourt players do not have a high external load, they have a high load in the internal and external load ratio. This result provides The training guidelines for special training and defensive situations have been developed.