臺灣電子零組件製造業的產業關聯效果探討

Abstract

製造業一直是臺灣工業中最大的產業，依據經濟部統計處的統計，2022年臺灣製造業的生產價值達17.2兆元，而在製造業26個中行業別中，電子零組件製造業的生產價值更高達5.36兆元，佔製造業的31.2%，將近1/3的貢獻度。臺灣經濟屬外需導向，國際的突發重大經濟事件常直接或間接影響臺灣製造業的生產表現，本研究主要是採用Leontief的投入產出模型，並藉由行政院主計總處編制的「生產者價格交易表」經過簡化重組成43部門統計表來探討臺灣電子零組件製造業與其他製造業產業的關聯程度，計算其產業的關聯效果與乘數效果，進行經濟效果分析。並進一步比較民國100年至民國105年臺灣電子零組件製造業經過5年時間的經濟效果變化。研究結果發現，臺灣的電子零組件製造業是高度使用自己為生產要素的產業，雖不是帶動臺灣製造業的火車頭產業，卻是整體經濟中重要的基礎上游產業。由所得乘數效果與就業乘數效果顯示，電子零組件製造業雖然貢獻臺灣極大的經濟產值，但是卻不是提供較多就業機會的勞動力密集產業，而且其三個乘數效果也逐年衰減中。預估行政院主計總處將於後年114年一月公布民國110年的產業關聯統計，屆時也許我們可以再次來檢視電子零組件製造業的乘數效果是否如本研究的結果一樣，繼續減弱。Manufacturing has always been the largest industry in Taiwan. According to the statistics of the Census and Statistics Department of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the production value of Taiwan's manufacturing industry reaced NT$17.2 trillion in 2022, and among the 26 middle sectors of the manufacturing industry, the production value of the electronic components manufacturing industry will reach NT$5.36 trillion, accounting for 31.2% of the manufacturing industry, which is nearly one-third of the contribution. This study uses Leontief's input-output model and uses the Producer Price Transaction Table compiled by the General Accounting Office of the Executive Yuan to explore the degreeof correlation between Taiwan's electronic component manufacturing industry and other manufacturing industries by simplifying and reorganizing the table into 43 sectoral statistics. The economic effect analysis is conducted by calculating the correlation and multiplier effects of the industry. It also compares the economic effects of Taiwan's electronic component manufacturing industry over a five-year period from 2011 to 2016.

The study found that Taiwan's electronic component manufacturing industry is a highly self-reliant production factor, and although it is not the engine of Taiwan's manufacturing industry, it is an important basic upstream industry in the overall economy. The income multiplier effect and the employment multiplier effect show that although the electronic parts and components manufacturing industry contributes a great deal to Taiwan's economic output, it is not a labor-intensive industry that provides more employment opportunities, and its three multiplier effects are declining year by year. It is estimated that the General Accounting Office of the Executive Yuan will publish the industrial linkage statistics for the year 2021 in January 2025, so perhaps we can examine again whether the multiplier effect of the electronic component manufacturing industry will continue to weaken as the results of this study.