休閒規劃與休閒參與時間特性對在地老化的退休者退休後生活適應影響之研究-以台北市為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討台北市以「在地老化」作為退休後居住方式的退休者退休後的休閒規劃及休閒參與的時間特性對他們生活適應會產生什麼樣的影響。研究者以階層抽樣法，根據台北市十二行政區65歲以上老年人口佔全市比例進行問卷訪談，訪談樣本數共400份。所得數據經獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析，以及區別分析等統計方法分析後，得到以下結果： 在人口統計變項部分，僅年齡與生活適應程度呈低度負相關；在休閒規劃部份，三個構面中「社會互動」與休閒參與時間特性間差異均達顯著，「覺察能力」與時間特性中「知覺頻率」及「知覺時間」間差異達顯著。此外，「覺察能力」與「社會互動」和生活適應狀況間差異達顯著；在休閒參與時間特性部分，五個構面與生活適應狀況間之差異均達顯著；在休閒規劃與休閒參與時間特性和生活適應之間的關係部份，結果顯示週間休閒時數比例較高，且認同休閒活動對家人相處、認識新朋友，以及度過退休後空閒時間有幫助的受訪者生活適應狀況較佳。 根據研究結果，本研究建議從事退休者之休閒規劃時應著重在能促進與家庭成員之間互動關係，且能幫助退休者認識新朋友的活動，以幫助退休者度過退休後的空閒時間。此外，退休者應於平日多參與休閒活動，而非僅於週末時間大量參與。

The purpose of this study was to discuss the influences of leisure planning and time characteristics of leisure participation to the life adjustment of retirees who chose to age in their places after retirement. According to the proportion of elder who are above 65 in Taipei City, 400 samples in 12 districts of Taipei City were interviewed by Stratified Random Sampling Method. Independent Samples T-test, One-way Anova, Discriminant Analysis and other statistic analyses were used to analyze collected data. The results of this study were: There is negative correlation between age and life adjustment level; among 3 dimensions of leisure planning, “social interaction” made significant differences on time characteristics of leisure participation, “perception ability” made significant differences on “percepted frequency” and “percepted time”; all dimensions of time characteristics of leisure participation made significant differences on life adjustment level. Finally, in the section of relationship among leisure planning, time characteristics of leisure participation, and life adjustment level, through discriminant analysis, those who agree with leisure benefit in promoting relationship among family members, getting new friends, passing blank time after retirement, and participated more leisure activities in weekdays tend to have better life adjustment. According to the results, researcher suggested putting more emphases on activities which can promote relationship among family members, help retiree to get new friends, and pass blank time after retirement. Besides, retiree should participate in leisure activities in weekdays to get better life adjustment level.