教練威權領導對女子職業籃球選手運動投入之預測：以教練選手關係為中介變項

Abstract

目的：本研究主要探討女子職業籃球選手知覺教練專權領導與尚嚴領導對運動投入之影響，並檢驗教練-選手關係對其中介效果。方法：以第19屆超級籃球聯賽女子選手為收案對象，共計有四隊58人 (國泰人壽：15人、台元紡織：15人、中華電信：14人、台灣電力：14人)，發放58份，回收57份，經篩選有效問卷51份，回收率87.93%。研究以「威權領導量表」、「運動投入量表」、「教練-選手關係量表」進行施測，所得資料用描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關與、簡單線性迴歸以及多元階層迴歸來進行分析。結果：(一) 「專權領導」能有效負向預測「教練-選手關係」，但無法有效預測「運動投入」，而「尚嚴領導」皆能有效正向預測「運動投入」與「教練-選手關係」；(二) 「教練-選手關係」與「運動投入」呈現正相關，且「教練-選手關係」，能有效正向預測「運動投入」；(三) 「教練-選手關係」可完全中介「尚嚴領導」與「運動投入」，深入分析「教練-選手關係」的互補性可有效中介「尚嚴領導」與「運動投入」的熱忱以及自信。結論：(一) 球員知覺教練較多「尚嚴領導」，其「運動投入」與「教練-選手關係」兩者則有愈多和愈佳的趨勢，反之，若知覺到較多的「專權領導」，「教練-選手關係」則愈不佳，「運動投入」不受影響；(二) 球員知覺到「教練-選手關係」越好時，運動投入也就越高；(三) 「教練-選手關係」佳，無論「尚嚴領導」多寡，皆會提升「運動投入」，尤其「教練-選手關係」中互補性愈多時，愈能增加「運動投入」中的熱忱及自信。Purpose: This study examined the effects of perceived Juan-Chiuan and Shang-Yan leadership on sport engagement among Women's professional basketball players and examined the mediating effects of the coach-athlete relationship. Methods: The 19th Women's Super Basketball League (WSBL) players were the target of this study. There were total of 58 players from four teams (Cathay Life: 15 players, Taoyuan Textile: 15 players, Chunghwa Telecom: 14 players, and Taipower: 14 players), and 58 questionnaires were distributed. 57 questionnaires were collected, and 51 questionnaires were screened for validity, with a recoveryrate of 87.93%. The study was conducted using the Authoritative Leadership Scale, the Sports Commitment Scale, and the Coach-Athlete Relationship Scale. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's cumulative correlation, simple linear regression, and multilevel regression. Results: (1) “Juan-Chiuan leadership” can negatively predict “Coach-Athlete relationship”, but can’t effectively predict “sport engagement”. “Shang-Yan leadership” can positively predict “sport engagement” and “Coach-Athlete relationship”; (2) The “Coach-Athlete relationship” was positively related to “sport engagement”, and the “Coach-Athlete relationship” can positively predict “sport engagement”; (3) The “Coach-Athlete relationship” can fully mediate the “Shang-Yan leadership” and “sport engagement”. Further analysis of the complementarity of the “Coach-Athlete relationship” can effectively mediate the “Shang-Yan leadership” and the enthusiasm and confidence of “sport engagement”. Conclusion: (1) Players who perceive more “Shang-Yan leadership” in their coaches tend to have more and better “sport engagement” and “Coach-Athlete relationship”. On the contrary, if they perceive more “Juan-Chiuan leadership”, “Coach-Athlete relationship” will be worse, but “sport engagement” will not be affected; (2) When players perceive a better “Coach-Athlete relationship”, “sport engagement” will be higher; (3) A good “Coach-Athlete relationship”, regardless of the amount of “Shang-Yan leadership”, will enhance “sport engagement”. Especially when there is more complementarity in the"Coach-Athlete relationship", the more enthusiasm and confidence in “sport engagement” can be increased.