COVID-19疫情期間空服員身體活動量與睡眠品質研究

Abstract

COVID-19對航空業造成巨大衝擊，空服員作息及上班模式因而改變，針對疫情期間空服員身體活動量與睡眠品質現況及關聯性進行探討有其必要性，故本研究之目的分別為了解COVID-19疫情期間，一、研究對象身體活動量與睡眠情形之現況。二、研究對象社會人口變項、身體活動量與睡眠情況之關聯性。三、研究對象身體活動量與睡眠情況之關聯性。本研究為橫斷性研究設計，以國內某航空公司空服員為研究對象，於2022年2月至3月間以方便取樣進行網路問卷調查，共取得307份有效樣本。研究工具包括個人社會背景變項、國際身體活動量表短版-臺灣中文版及中文版匹茲堡睡眠品質指標量表，資料以描述性統計及二元邏輯斯迴歸進行數據分析，研究結果如下：一、研究對象平均年齡為38±9歲，過去一個月內有經歷過居家檢疫、加強版自主健康管理或自主健康管理者有54.1%，平均工作天數為3.91±4.06天。身體活動總量為667.33±754.27 (分/週)，每週達身體活動建議量者 (每週150分鐘) 佔81.4%；睡眠品質良好者54.7%，所有研究對象平均睡眠時數8.73±1.43小時。二、研究對象之社會人口學變項與其身體活動及睡眠品質無顯著關聯性。三、研究對象達身體活動建議量與否與其睡眠品質同樣無顯著關聯性。本研究結果顯示疫情期間空服員工作天數少，並多從事充足的身體活動，儘管本研究並未發現空服員達身體活動建議量與良好的睡眠品質有顯著相關，然而數據證實疫情期間空服員睡眠品質顯著優於非疫情時期及其他多數職業，建議未來研究者欲探討空服員睡眠品質可考慮加入其他變項：如壓力、久坐與生活品質等進行研究，亦可運用混合性研究設計，透過問卷調查、焦點團體法及訪談等方式廣泛地進行資料蒐集。

COVID-19 has caused a huge impact on the aviation industry. Due to the pandemic, the lifestyle and work mode of cabin crew has changed. It is essential to investigate physical activity, sleep quality and the relationship between physical activity and sleep quality among cabin crews during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the purposes of this study were (1) to describe the current physical activity and sleep quality of the research subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) to examine the relationship of socio-demographics with physical activity and sleep quality of the research subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic. (3) to examine the relationship between physical activity and sleep quality of the research subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was to designed as a cross- sectional study. The online survey was conducted using convenience sampling and 307 cabin crews of an airline in Taiwan responded the survey from February to March 2022. The online survey included: (1) socio-demographic variables (2) International Physical Activity Questionnaire Self-Administrated Short Format (Taiwan Version) (3) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The results showed that (1) The mean age of research subjects was 38±9 years old. 54.1% of research subjects experienced home quarantine, Self-Health Management and enhanced Self-Health Management. The mean working day was 3.91±4.06 days. The total physical activity of cabin crew was 667.33±754.27 min/week and out of the total participants, 81.4% met the PA recommendation (150 min-week). 54.7% of them had good sleep quality. Average total sleep duration of research subjects was 8.73±1.43 hours/day. (2) No significant relationship of socio-demographic variables was observed to be related to physical activity and sleep quality. (3) Meeting PA recommendation (150 min-week) were not significantly associated with good sleep quality. The results showed that cabin crews worked fewer days and most of them engaged in sufficient physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this study did not find that cabin crews who met the recommended amount of physical activity was significantly associated with better sleep quality, the data showed that the sleep quality of cabin crews during the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be better than the non-pandemic period and most other occupations. It is suggested that future researchers who attempt to explore the sleep quality of cabin crews can consider other variables: such as stress, sedentary behavior and quality of life. It is recommended that future research can use mixed research design, extensive data collection through questionnaires, focus group methods and interviews for future research.