從古典到現代—陳定國的 「女性漫畫」

Abstract

漫畫乃以簡明誇張的繪圖所構成的一門藝術，除了具備娛樂的性質外，更有傳達政令與諷刺時事的功能，而漫畫的讀者遍佈各年齡層，不失為一種大眾傳達訊息的媒介。 日治時期不僅有日本漫畫家來臺發展，透過報刊連載漫畫，將日本漫畫的表現形式傳入臺灣，並對戰後臺灣漫畫的文法體系構成影響。1950年代中期以後，兒童漫畫開始興起，與約當同時期的反共漫畫，成為戰後早期漫畫的兩大潮流。 早期本土漫畫家陳定國將地方戲曲中的服裝與鳳眼特徵應用至漫畫人物上，且大多數以女性做為故事主角的「女性漫畫」，較具代表性與自我特色。他的「女性漫畫」可分為古典與現代兩種類型的題材，研究漫畫文本以《孟麗君》和《呂四娘》、《花小妹》，以及《大眾徵信》專欄漫畫中的女性為主，再搭配其他古典題材的「女性漫畫」進行補充，以便討論、比較古今題材「女性漫畫」的表現形式，以及作者所欲建構、傳達的女性形象與價值意涵。 此外，筆者嘗試比較1950年代中期至1970年代的陳定國古典「女性漫畫」與日本少女漫畫的漫畫表現形式，並就當時政治文化的環境因素，進一步探討臺灣早期為何尚未生成少女漫畫。

Comic is an art form expressed by concise and exaggerated drawings. In addition to the entertainment nature, it also features conveying political decrees and ironizing current events. And because comic readers cover all ages, it becomes a mass media to convey messages. During the Japanese occupation, Japanese cartoonists went to develop in Taiwan and introduced the manifestations of Japanesecomic into Taiwan through the comic strip in press, which posed the impact on the grammar system of post-war comics in Taiwan. After the mid-1950s, children’s comics began to rise and became two major trends of early post-war comics with the anti-communist comicsat the same period. Early local cartoonist Ting-Kuo Chen applied the costumes and Asian-eyes, the characteristics of local opera, in cartoon characters, and most of his “female comics” with female as the story protagonist were more representative with self-characteristics. His “female comics” could be divided into two types–classic and modern themes; his comic text took the women in “Li-Jiun Meng”,“Sz-Niang Liu”, “Hua little sister” and “Public jeng-xin” column comic, supplemented by “female comics” so as to discuss and compare the ancient and modern manifestations of the theme as well as the female image and value meaning that the author desired to construct and convey. In addition, the author tried to compare the comic manifestations of Ting-Kuo Chen’s classical “female comics” and Japanese Shoujo Manga during mid 1950s and 1970s, and further explored why Shoujo Manga had not yet existed in Taiwan in the early period based on the environmental factors of the political culture.