傑出合唱團團員音樂才能發展歷程及相關因素之個案研究

Abstract

本研究的目的在探究音樂才能發展的歷程與相關影響因素。為探究音樂才能發展的多樣可能性，特別選擇接觸音樂背景異質性較大，音樂專業門檻要求較具彈性的合唱團為研究場域。本研究選擇臺灣三大傑出合唱團，九位來自不同聲部與音樂教育背景的團員為研究對象，透過深度訪談了解傑出合唱團團員在音樂發展過程萌芽階段、教育階段以及進入傑出合唱團階段的音樂才能發展歷程及影響其才能發展的相關因素。 本研究由兩大部分呈現研究結果。第一部份描述不同傑出合唱團團員音樂才能發展的故事，包括幼年接觸音樂的起點、音樂相關教育與經驗、參與傑出合唱團的過程、及在音樂才能發展歷程中的重要影響因素或困境。第二部分以才能發展理論為基礎，由「個人」、「環境」及「機運」三面向，進行跨個案的整體分析與討論。研究整體發現如下： 一、本研究傑出合唱團團員在幼年展現個人音樂興趣與天賦，並且天生具有好的歌唱能力以及表演的喜好、歌唱能力深具信心。心理層面具備與人合作、啟發他人的特質；生理構造影響其聲部的選擇及是否能成功駕馭。覺察力、動機及意志則是影響未來音樂發展的主要因素。 二、研究參與者普遍受家庭環境影響，雙親給予支持與自主的空間，母親則扮演關鍵性的角色。 三、研究參與者來自不同教育背景，合唱團經驗為共通因素。文化環境差異，造成早年音樂學習資源的差異與限制，而社區資源（如教會詩班、合唱團）則能成為另一種替代途徑。跨文化的音樂學習環境，開啟音樂學習更多元的想法。 四、研究參與者透過與大師與指揮指導，形塑他們對藝術的想法與風範，並給予專業上的成長。 五、機運跨越相關因素影響，成為關鍵時的臨門一腳，帶領個體跨越進入下一個階段。 六、對於受訪者而言，參與合唱團在聲音融合、經濟與時間方面，為重要挑戰。目前國內無職業合唱團，特別對於已婚團員，需面臨兼顧工作、家庭與音樂理想的挑戰，家人的支持是為重要的因素之一。 本研究並對於家長音樂教育觀點、臺灣音樂教育環境、社會音樂文化發展及未來研究等四方面提出建議。The purpose of this study is to investigate the distinguished choir singers’ music talent developing process and related factors. This study focuses on three distinguished choirs in Taiwan. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine singers from a variety of educational backgrounds. Qualitative analysis was used to find out their music talent developing process in terms of: (1) embryonic stage, (2) training process and (3) end achievement. The findings were presented in two ways: (1) story-oriented description for each participant and (2) related factor analysis from three perspectives: "personal," "environment," and "chance" based on the talent development theory. The main findings are: First, the participants showed their interests and talent for music in early stage. Capability, confidence and passions were highly recognized. In terms of psychological perspective, participants show a high level of cooperation and spirit of inspiration. Physical capability is highly related to vocal performance. Among all, personal discipline is the most critical factor that affects the future direction of music development. Second, family factor has great influence on talent development. Support and autonomy from parents, especially from the mother, appears highly significant. Third, the participants with different education backgrounds shared a same experience, they all joined a choir. Some participants received no specific school music training, and some were from lower socioeconomic levels; they still successfully developed their music talent. This was due to their experiences in joining music activities such as church choir. Learning and training from different cultural perspectives also contributed to their variety of music talent development. Fourth, teaching from masters not only gave the singers professional suggestions, but passed on a good model expertise in the art of music. Fifth, chance is also important for step forward moving. Sixth, the biggest challenges for singers include blending voices, income pressure and time management. A living wage for choir singers is not common in Taiwan. Singers, especially married ones, encounter conflict between work, family and music ambition. (Support from family is clearly one of the important factors.) This study provides practical suggestions for music students' parents, music training education, music culture development for Taiwan society, and future studies.