民間信仰與地方政治:嘉義太保的水牛厝大士爺信仰

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2018

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18世紀晚期南臺灣經歷多次的械鬥、民變等衝突事件後,地方社會因事件產生無主孤魂的祭祀問題,亦即所謂「厲」的問題必須處理。故當時為南臺灣重要交通據點的民雄,便將普渡時才出現的大士爺信仰擴大祭祀,成為知名的民雄大士爺。此後,位於今嘉義縣太保市的水牛厝,也因與民雄同樣的歷史背景,而被吸納至民雄大士爺的祭典網絡,日後並將民雄大士爺分香至水牛厝奉祀,成為水牛厝大士爺。值得注意的是,開發甚早的水牛厝並未發展出村庄共同的公廟,而是以18世紀末發展的大士爺信仰作為村庄每年最重要的祭祀。但是,過去近200年來未形成公廟的大士爺信仰,卻在政治力量的介入下,在2013年建立了廟宇,名為玉皇宮。本文想要討論的課題,便是從日治至戰後以來地方政治與社會的變化,對於大士爺信仰建廟過程帶來的影響,藉此說明地方政治的發展對於傳統民間信仰的影響。觀察水牛厝聚落與水牛厝大士爺這上百年來的變遷,可以發現社會變遷、地方政治與民間信仰三者之間的交互作用,並且這些作用累積了上百年之後在現代開始展現其結果。
After Southern Taiwan experienced many conflicts including armed fighting and peasant revolts in the late 18th century, local societies ended up with problems involving the worshipping of “wandering spirits”, also known as “vengeful” spirits that had to be addressed. Thus Minhsiung, an important transportation point in Southern Taiwan, expanded worshipping of tāi-sū-iâ(大士爺) that only takes place during the general salvation ceremony. It became the famous tāi-sū-iâ of Minhsiung. Since then, because tsú-gû-tshù(水牛厝) , a village of Chiayi County’s Taibao City shares common historical background with Minhsiung, they have been incorporated into the ritual context of Minhsiung’s tāi-sū-iâ as a result. Minhsiung tāi-sū-iâ later shared its power which got brought to tsú-gû-tshù and became the tāi-sū-iâ of tsú-gû-tshù. What’s noteworthy is that being a community with earlier development history, tsú-gû-tshù’s development of folk beliefs yielded no village temples but would instead worship tāi-sū-iâ as its most important annual ceremony. However, after about 200 years, under political intervention tāi-sū-iâ finally had its own temple built. Construction was completed in 2013 and the temple is named gio̍k-hông-kiong(玉皇宮). The paper wishes to discuss local politics and social changes from Japanese colonial era to postwar period as well as the effects brought forth by the temple’s construction. These can be used to explain the effects of local politics upon traditional folk beliefs. We may also observe the changes experienced by the settlement of tsú-gû-tshù and tāi-sū-iâ of tsú-gû-tshù over the past hundreds of years. We can also discover the interaction effects between social changes, local politics and folk beliefs as well as its outcome after hundreds of years.

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水牛厝, 大士爺, 民間信仰, 地方政治, 社會變遷, 嘉義, 太保, tsú-gû-tshù, tāi-sū-iâ, folk belief, local politics, social change, Chiayi, Taibao

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