臺灣參與國際競技運動組織之策略與意涵 ─以馬英九執政時期為例 臺灣參與國際競技運動組織之策略與意涵─以馬英九執政時期為例

Abstract

我國自1971年退出聯合國之後，幾乎完全被排除於以主權國家為入會條件的國際組織之外，為了突破外交困境，我國轉而尋求透過發展與各國非官方關係和參與國際非政府組織 (International Non-Governmental Organization, INGO)。在此時代背景下，本研究以國際關係中的現實主義和自由主義為基礎分析架構，採內容分析法和半結構式的訪談，探究自2008年05月20日馬英九總統上任至2015年05月20日為止之期間內，我國參與國際競技運動組織的策略及背後意涵，並將分析焦點著重於參與過程中，我國籍代表主要是基於個人的策略及意志行動，或實際上受到政府影響，希望透過其代表國家參與國際競技運動組織，以達符合國家利益之目的。研究結果發現：在馬英九總統執政期間內，政府參與國際競技運動組織之策略主要有二：一為整體環境和相關經費補助辦法之確立，二為以「建立民間體育團體參與國際體育機制」與「培育國際體育事務人才」作為建立國際體育事務人才培訓機制之策略。在意涵上，「政府於政策宣示中展現對參與國際競技運動組織之重視」與「參與國際競技運動組織未像國家外交此類高階政治一樣受重視」此兩點發現皆符合現實主義之論點。然因政府策略未能有效協助我國籍代表成功取得國際競技運動組織之職位，因此本研究受訪我國籍代表多靠自己力量獲取國際組織之職位，以致其享有一定程度之自主權，立場並未明顯受政府直接影響，亦符合自由主義之部分論點。

After being forced out, by the People's Republic of China, of the United Nations in 1971, Taiwan has lost its edge in diplomacy. To break out the diplomatic isolation, Taiwan sought to build non-governmental relationships with other countries and join international non-governmental organizations under the guideline of government's pragmatic diplomacy. Under such circumstances, this research aims to analyze the strategies and implication of Taiwan's participation in the International Sports Federations (IFs) under the presidency of Ma Ying-Jeou while facing such diplomatic dilemma. Research data are collected by semi-structured interviews, and analyzed through directed content analysis. To fulfill the aims of research, the researcher applies international relations theories of realism and liberalism to examine the implication of Taiwan's Participation in the IFs under the Presidency of Ma Ying-Jeou. The main findings are as follows: 1) Under the presidency of Ma Ying-jeou, there are two main strategies of participating in the IFs for the government: one is to establish the overall environment and related governmental act of subsidies in international sport, the other one is to build the mechanism of training talents in international sports affairs by establishing the mechanism of non-governmental sports organizations participating in international sport and fostering local talents in international sports affairs. As for the implications, the fact that the government showed its emphasis on participating in the IFs in the government policy statements but this emphasis does not reached the level of the country's foreign policies, all these are in accordance with the argument of the realism. On the other hand, given that government policies failed to help those who are interested in participating in the IFs effectively in the study, most of them relies on themselves to successfully get into the IFs. Therefore, they were not significantly affected by the government and had certain degree of autonomy. This is partially in line with the argument of liberalism.