兩宋金銀器人物故事圖像之研究

Abstract

兩宋時期城市興起帶起手工業的繁榮，使用金銀器不再是貴族專屬，市場上流通著大量的金銀器，其中以素面無紋的實用饌器為主。若說唐代金銀器是富麗堂皇，那宋代的風格便是典雅樸素，但少數飾有精美人物故事圖金銀器的出土，讓我們一窺宋代金銀器在工藝高度與奢華程度上不輸唐代的一面。

過往研究多認為兩宋金銀器上的人物故事圖像，多取用宋代繪畫圖像。實際上，宋代金銀器上的人物故事圖不僅與宋代繪畫關係密切，亦與其他物質圖像互動頻繁。宋代文人地位的提高，促進了各類文學的蓬勃發展，同時以文學作品為主題的圖像應運而生，並且為各種物質媒材所使用。其中，金銀器的稀珍與高貴屬性，很好地說明了刻畫在其上的人物故事裝飾圖像，在兩宋流行與傳播程度的廣袤。

本文旨在研究兩宋時期金銀器中人物故事圖像的來源與其形塑過程。首先追溯金銀器中人物故事圖的發展，其次考釋兩宋金銀器中人物故事圖像的文本來源與圖文轉譯關係。兩宋時期金銀器中的人物故事圖，開始以當代流行文學內容，如踏莎行、裴航遇仙和赤壁賦等故事為題。明顯不同於前代金銀器中以漢至六朝時期一直流行的傳統儒家、道教故事傳統。文末探討兩宋金銀器中的人物故事圖像的形塑與組成方式，以及與繪畫、版畫、漆器、銅鏡等物質間圖像與工藝上的互動關係，進而說明到了南宋末期金銀器故事圖像中使用主題格套的傾向。

During the two Song Dynasties (960-1279), thriving cities brought about the prosperity of handicraft industries, when gold and silver wares were no longer privilege to the nobility. There were a large number of gold and silver wares circulating in the market, among which the utensils dishes were plain with no decoration on it. If the gold and silver wares of Tang Dynasty (618-907) are magnificent, then the style of Song Dynasty is elegant and simple. However, a few of excavated gold and silver objects with beautiful narrative decorations on it shed light on the diverse styles of gold and silver wares of Song Dynasty, which is not inferior to Tang Dynasty in terms of craftsmanship and luxury.

In the past, many studies have suggested that the narrative decorations on gold and silver wares of Song Dynasty were taken from the paintings of their age. In fact, the narrative decoration on the gold and silver wares of Song were not only closely related to the paintings but also frequently interacted with other material images. The rise of social status of literati in Song helped to promote the vigorous development of all kinds of literature. At the same time, images based on literary works came into being and were adopted by various material media. Among them, the rare and noble attributes of gold and silver wares well explained the narrative decorations depicted on them were well-known and widespread.

This thesis aims to study the source and shaping process of the narrative images on the gold and silver wares of Song. Firstly, I trace the development of the narrative decoration on the gold and silver wares. Then, I examine the textual sources, and the translated relationship between narrative images and text on these wares. The narrative decorations on gold and silver wares started to show the stories from the contemporary popular literatures of the Song Dynasty, such as Tasuoxing 踏莎行, Peihang yuxian 裴航遇仙 and Red Cliff 赤壁賦. These patterns were totally different from the traditional Confucian or Taoist story traditions that have been widely applied on the previous generations of gold and silver wares from Han to the Six Dynasties. Finally, the thesis explores the shaping and composition of the narrative images on two sets of gold and silver wares, as well as the interactions between paintings, prints, lacquerware, bronze mirrors, and other materials. This phenomena well explained the tendency of using some certain formatted image themes on the gold and silver wares in late Southern Song Dynasty.