學前身心障礙子女母親親職壓力與社會支持相關因素之探討
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Date
2003
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Abstract
本研究的主要目的在了解學前身心障礙子女母親獲得社會支持和對親職壓力的感受情形，及其僱用外籍監護工之後母親社會支持增加的情形；並就僱用外籍監護工與否、子女性別、母親年齡、母親就業狀況和家庭社經地位五個變項對母親社會支持和親職壓力的差異性進行研究，進而探究五個背景變項和社會支持對母親親職壓力的預測情形。本研究採用調查研究法，以186位有學前身心障礙子女的母親研究對象，依據受試者在「短式親職壓力量表」和「社會支持量表」的得分進行統計分析，研究發現如下：
母親所感受到的親職壓力以在親職愁苦方面的壓力較高，其次為困難兒童方面的壓力，再其次為親子互動失調方面的壓力。母親所獲得的社會支持以情緒性支持較多，資訊性支持其次，工具性支持再其次。
在僱用外籍監護之後，母親增加的社會支持以工具性支持為較多，資訊性支持其次，情緒性支持較少。
就親職壓力而言，有僱用外籍監護工的家庭，母親所感受到關於親職愁苦方面及困難兒童方面的壓力明顯比沒有僱用外籍監護工的母親低；男孩的母親比女孩的母親感受到較多來自親子互動失調方面的壓力；未就業的母親比全職工作的母親感受到較多來自親職愁苦方面的壓力；低社經地位的母親比中社經地位的母親感受到較多來自困難兒童方面的壓力。
就社會支持而言，男孩的母親獲得較多工具性和情緒性支持，而母親的年齡、母親的就業狀況和家庭社經地位不同，其社會支持並沒有顯著的差異。
另外，母親未就業、未僱用外籍監護工、感受到情緒性支持較少的母親，其親職壓力愈大。
最後，研究者根據上述研究發現提出針對身心障礙福利機構、社會工作者、特殊教育工作者和親職教育工作者的建議，並作為未來研究之參考。
The purpose of the research was to explore the parenting stress and social support in mothers of preschool children with disabilities and to find out the potential predictors of parenting stress. One hundred eighty six mothers participated and completed the “Parenting Stress Index / Short Form” and “Social Support Scale.” The results were as following: The parenting stress mothers experienced were, in descending order, stress in the area of parental distress, difficult child, and parent-child dysfunctional interaction. Mothers perceived the social support included, in descending order, emotional support, informational support, and instrumental support. After hiring alien caretaker, the social support increased, in descending order, in instrumental support, informational support, and emotional support. Mothers who hired alien caretaker reported greater stress in the area of parental distress and difficult child. Boys’ mothers reported greater parental stress in the area of parent-child dysfunctional interaction. Full-time mothers reported greater parental stress in the area of parental distress. Mothers in low socioeconomic status reported greater parenting stress in the area of difficult child than those in middle socioeconomic status. Boys’ mothers received more instrumental support and emotional support than girls’. There was no statistically significant difference in social support with regard to mother’s age, employment status, and their SES. In sum, Mothers who were not in employment, didn’t hire alien caretaker, and of low levels of emotional support reported greater parenting stress. According to the research findings, suggestions were proposed for the social welfare institution, social workers, special educators, parent educators and also implications for further research.
The purpose of the research was to explore the parenting stress and social support in mothers of preschool children with disabilities and to find out the potential predictors of parenting stress. One hundred eighty six mothers participated and completed the “Parenting Stress Index / Short Form” and “Social Support Scale.” The results were as following: The parenting stress mothers experienced were, in descending order, stress in the area of parental distress, difficult child, and parent-child dysfunctional interaction. Mothers perceived the social support included, in descending order, emotional support, informational support, and instrumental support. After hiring alien caretaker, the social support increased, in descending order, in instrumental support, informational support, and emotional support. Mothers who hired alien caretaker reported greater stress in the area of parental distress and difficult child. Boys’ mothers reported greater parental stress in the area of parent-child dysfunctional interaction. Full-time mothers reported greater parental stress in the area of parental distress. Mothers in low socioeconomic status reported greater parenting stress in the area of difficult child than those in middle socioeconomic status. Boys’ mothers received more instrumental support and emotional support than girls’. There was no statistically significant difference in social support with regard to mother’s age, employment status, and their SES. In sum, Mothers who were not in employment, didn’t hire alien caretaker, and of low levels of emotional support reported greater parenting stress. According to the research findings, suggestions were proposed for the social welfare institution, social workers, special educators, parent educators and also implications for further research.
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學前, 母親, 親職壓力, 社會支持, preschool children with disabilities, mother, parenting stress, social support