全球在地化年代的文化翻譯
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Date
2012/08-2013/07
Authors
李根芳
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Abstract
「文化翻譯」一詞最早是由人類學家如Clifford Geertz, James Clifford, Talal Asad所提出，以反思人類學者在研究觀察及記錄不同文化時，如何用學者自身的知識體系及語言系統，去理解詮釋這些文化的特殊性及不可抹滅的差異，試圖讓不同文化的人能達到彼此溝通與互相了解的目標。這樣的概念又由後殖民學者Homi Bhabha, Gayatri C. Spivak加以闡釋，使其內涵與定義更加豐富。 正如翻譯研究近來亦認知到對等完美的翻譯是不可能的，晚近「文化翻譯」的相關研究更加著墨於語言文化之間的不平等關係。本專書試圖以雅布慎（Roman Jakobson）在1959年的〈論翻譯的語言學面向〉（“On Linguistic Aspects of Translation”）所定義的三大翻譯類型，加以衍伸擴充，來討論全球在地化時代的文化翻譯。雅布慎主張三種翻譯分別為：（一）語內翻譯（intralingual），亦即使用同一種語言，用不同的詞彙表達相同的意思；（二）語際翻譯（interlingual），這是我們通常所理解的翻譯的意義，亦即以另一種語言來傳達相同的意義；（三）是符際翻譯（intersemiotic），這是用其他的符號系統來傳達捕捉文字符號的意義。 當今的世界在全球化席天捲地的勢力下，不同區域文化之間跨越、互動、拉扯與混雜愈益頻繁糾結，而各種族群、階級、語言及敘事模式皆有其複雜的權力關係。本研究企圖以文化翻譯做為核心概念，來思考不同類型的翻譯如何互相詮釋、衍繹文化的種種歧義與差異。藉由雅布慎的三重翻譯定義為模式，來討論當代中、英文的文學、文化作品，並解析在這個全球在地化的時代，創作者如何利用文化翻譯開創各種文類及符號多元意涵的可能性。本書強調透過不同類型的文本生產所展現的文化翻譯策略，彰顯了不可消融的文化差異，這可視為是對同質性的批判與挑戰。
As globalization has been a buzz word in the twenty-first century, the concept of cultural translation also plays a more significant role in understanding different cultures and languages in our rapidly changing world. While anthropologists first introduced this concept, they meant to suggest a way in which they can converse with other cultures and further develop a core analysis of a particular society. Yet we now come to realize that translation process often involves unequal developments and un-balanced exchange of languages and cultures. Besides, the idea of equivalent meaning is almost like an illusion, especially in the cultural context of the Chinese and the rest. By cultural translation I mean not only the art and craft of transferring one message from one language to another, but also a process during which people try to make sense of their world and themselves. Given the global flow of exiles, emigrants and refugees, many people go through such a process as part of their everyday life. Even within one national language, one might confront various subtexts that need deciphering and translating due to different ethnic, gender, religious, class and other registers. In this globalized world in which we live today, both migration and diaspora contribute to hybridize national cultures. Thus, I argue that cultural translation is a radical and intimate way to approach another cultural space and through such an approach we acknowledge cultural differences as untranslatability and tentatively come to terms with the foreignness of language/culture. The purpose of this book is to examine the conception and effectiveness of cultural translation and to seek a better understanding of difference(s).
As globalization has been a buzz word in the twenty-first century, the concept of cultural translation also plays a more significant role in understanding different cultures and languages in our rapidly changing world. While anthropologists first introduced this concept, they meant to suggest a way in which they can converse with other cultures and further develop a core analysis of a particular society. Yet we now come to realize that translation process often involves unequal developments and un-balanced exchange of languages and cultures. Besides, the idea of equivalent meaning is almost like an illusion, especially in the cultural context of the Chinese and the rest. By cultural translation I mean not only the art and craft of transferring one message from one language to another, but also a process during which people try to make sense of their world and themselves. Given the global flow of exiles, emigrants and refugees, many people go through such a process as part of their everyday life. Even within one national language, one might confront various subtexts that need deciphering and translating due to different ethnic, gender, religious, class and other registers. In this globalized world in which we live today, both migration and diaspora contribute to hybridize national cultures. Thus, I argue that cultural translation is a radical and intimate way to approach another cultural space and through such an approach we acknowledge cultural differences as untranslatability and tentatively come to terms with the foreignness of language/culture. The purpose of this book is to examine the conception and effectiveness of cultural translation and to seek a better understanding of difference(s).