Whitman's "Song of Myself"
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Date
1982-06-??
Authors
古添洪
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國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處
Office of Research and Development
Office of Research and Development
Abstract
惠特曼(Walt Whitman, 1819-1892) 的名詩「自我之歌」( " Song of Myself"，1885)乃一曖昧難懂的詩篇，引起了許多不同的解釋及評估。筆者認為，如此把詩篇看作是雙重文義的交?，引起了許多不同的解釋及評估。筆者認為，如此把詩篇看作是雙重文義的交?，在其中惠特曼尋求其多重的我態，則可以解除或最少減低詩篇中許多表面的矛盾。沿此而獲得的廣延的解釋，實不啻為目前諸種不同而或不免囿於局部的解釋的綜合。本文即沿此方法來綜論此詩篇，界定詩篇中相互交?的兩範疇，即神秘範疇及非神秘範疇。在神秘範疇裏，我們可到惠特曼對有限我及宇宙我的尋求。在非神秘的範疇裏，我們可看到其對小我及群我的尋求。這兩重範疇，這四重我態，或交疊，或平行；此乃詩底動力及其曖昧性之所由。我們最後發覺，這所謂「自我」，實是一廣延的、統攝了上述四重我態的全我。就此意義而言，此詩篇乃是對「自我」的重新定義，終乃止於一個涵蓋萬有的定義。從詩篇所處之美國文化傳統而言，此詩篇乃是個人主義及民主政治的理想式的表達，乃是源於愛默生(Ralph Emerson)超越主義(Transcendentalism)傳統的延申。就此角度而言，「自我之歌」乃是一超越主義的詩篇，乃是一超越主義式的對「自我」的重新定義。
Walt Whitman (1819-1892) towards the end of "Song of Myself" (the untitled long opening poem in the first edition of Leaves of Grass in 1885, slightly revised and called "Song of Myself" in the 1881 edition) was aware of the seem-, ing contradictions in his ideas and expressions in the poem; but almost immediate-ly, he took them as "multitudes," necessary to the Wholeness, rather than "con-tradictions:"
Walt Whitman (1819-1892) towards the end of "Song of Myself" (the untitled long opening poem in the first edition of Leaves of Grass in 1885, slightly revised and called "Song of Myself" in the 1881 edition) was aware of the seem-, ing contradictions in his ideas and expressions in the poem; but almost immediate-ly, he took them as "multitudes," necessary to the Wholeness, rather than "con-tradictions:"