海洋環境科技研究所(104學年度起合併至地科系)
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/64
在全球環境急遽變遷及資源耗竭下,環境議題日受重視,「環境教育」自1970年代起即成為先進國家積極推動的專業;近年來聯合國教科文組織更倡議將2005~2014訂為「永續發展教育十年」,呼籲各國積極推動環境教育及「永續發展教育」之研究與發展。國立台灣師範大學環境教育研究所為國內第一個設立的「環境教育研究所」,於民國八十二年開始招收碩士班研究生,並於民國九十五學年度起增設博士班,積極培養環境教育專業人才、推動學校及社會之環境教育與學術研究。近年則積極參與區域與地方永續發展相關研究及推廣教育,推動綠色學校、永續校園、綠色大學、自然教育中心、環境學習中心等,並與國際著名大學或研究中心合作,朝向亞太「永續教育區域專業中心」(Regional Center for Expertise on Education for Sustainable Development)發展。
本所努力方向:- 學術研究國際化,進行環境教育及永續發展創新研究,提昇學術實力;
- 深化環境教育相關理論與應用研究,培養專業人才;
- 進行環境教育教與方案之研發、應用與評估,提昇環境教育專業品質;
- 協助政府與民間進行環境教育系統規劃、政策研究與人力培訓發展,增進整體社會環境倫理與典範轉移;
- 協助政府與民間運用不同自然環境與文化資源,開創環境學習場域,提供全民多元環境學習機會,提昇國民環境素養。
依據本所98.5.22課程委員會、理學院98.5.30課程委員會及本校98.6.2.校級課程委員會三級課程委員會通過之「環境教育研究所課程架構與學生能力指標」, 本所之發展願景、教育目標及學生能力指標如下:
- 一、發展願景
- 發展成為世界第一流的環境教育研究與教學機構,引領國內環境教育之推展;
- 學術研究國際化,進行環境教育及永續發展創新研究,提昇學術研究實力;
- 環境關懷在地化,培育具有深刻環境關懷及環境教育專業能力之人才;
- 學理探討深刻化,奠立環境教育相關理論及哲學基礎,培育兼具科學基礎與環境倫理之優秀研究人才;
- 環境素養跨界化,提升科學及人文素養,培養理解自然與人文領域之整合能力,推動永續科學及永續教育之研究與社會實踐
- 二、教育發展目標
- (一)博士班教育目標:
- 培育具有精深學術素養與環境哲思基礎的環境教育學術研究人才;
- 培育國家環境教育領域之領導與創新專業人才;
- 培育兼具科學及人文素養,發展永續科學與永續教育領域之研究人才;
- 培育大專院校與人才培訓機構之環境教育相關領域研究與教學師資;
- 培育國內外環境保育、環境學習、永續產業的研究教學及專業研發人才。
- (二)碩士班教學目標:
- 培育具備環境倫理及環境素養之環境教育專業人才;
- 培育以永續發展科學為基礎的永續教育推動及管理人才;
- 培育各級學校具有學科整合能力之環境系統管理及環境教育規劃人才;
- 培養環境保護與自然保育行政部門的教育訓練規劃及整合推動之人才;
- 培養民間團體、自然教育中心、環境學習中心等領域之環境教育專業課程設計、活動企畫經營的專業人才;
- 培養協助企業社會責任、具有環境溝通與推廣能力之人才。
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Item Air-sea interaction between Tropical Cyclone and Western Boundary Current(2008-07-11) Wu, C.-R.; Y.-L ChangItem Interannual modulation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the low-latitude western North Pacific.(ELSEVIER, 2013-03-01) Wu, C.-R.To investigate the interannual variability in the northwestern Pacific, an empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was applied to 17-year Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT) data west of Luzon Island, the Philippines. The mean sea surface height in this area is an appropriate index for the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea (SCS). Significant interannual fluctuations were extracted by the EMD. The interannual variability was strongly correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index, but not the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This indicated the potential impact of the PDO on the circulation in the area. In the warm phase of the PDO (positive index), a southerly anomalous wind off the Philippines causes a northward shift of the North Equatorial Current Bifurcation Latitude (NECBL). This leads to a weakened Kuroshio off Luzon, favoring Kuroshio intrusion into the SCS. The northward migration of the NECBL also results in a weakened Kuroshio off southeast Taiwan and a larger Kuroshio transport off northeast Taiwan. The abundant westward propagating eddies impinging on the Kuroshio in the Subtropical Countercurrent region increases this transport. Although the ENSO has little effect on monsoonal winds during the warm PDO phase, it has a strong impact on the monsoon and meridional migration of the NECBL during the cold phase of the PDO. Therefore, NECBL variations only show a close correspondence with the ENSO during the cold PDO phase. Because the influence of the ENSO is not stationary, the impact of the PDO should be taken into account when examining interannual variability in the low-latitude western North Pacific.Item Contrasting the evolution between two types of El Ni隳 in a data assimilation model(Springer-Verlag, 2013-05-01) Wu, C.-R.; L.-C. WangSimulation outputs were used to contrast the distinct evolution patterns between two types of El Niño. The modeled isotherm depth anomalies closely matched satellite sea surface height anomalies. Results for the El Niño Modoki (central Pacific El Niño) corresponded well with previous studies which suggested that thermocline variations in the equatorial Pacific contain an east–west oscillation. The eastern Pacific El Niño experienced an additional north–south seesaw oscillation between approximately 15° N and 15° S. The wind stress curl pattern over the west-central Pacific was responsible for the unusual manifestation of the eastern Pacific El Niño. The reason why the 1982/1983 El Niño was followed by a normal state whereas a La Niña phase developed from the 1997/1998 El Niño is also discussed. In 1997/1998, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) retreated faster and easterly trade winds appeared immediately after the mature El Niño, cooling the sea surface temperature in the equatorial Pacific and generating the La Niña event. The slow retreat of the ITCZ in 1982/1983 terminated the warm event at a much slower rate and ultimately resulted in a normal phase.Item The forcing mechanism leading to the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea(American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2012-07-01) Wu, C.-R.; Y.-C. HsinWe use a high-resolution numerical model to examine the forcing mechanism responsible for Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea (SCS). The collective wisdom is that variations in Kuroshio intrusion are closely related to the wind, inside or outside the SCS. A series of experiments was performed to identify the wind-related forcing regulating the intrusion. The experiments demonstrated that the importance of wind inside the SCS is greater than that outside the SCS. Furthermore, the northwestward Ekman drift due to northeasterly wind in winter intensifies the upstream Kuroshio in the Luzon Strait, enhancing the Kuroshio intrusion into the SCS. In particular, the wind stress curl (WSC) off southwest Taiwan is chiefly responsible for the Kuroshio intrusion. Both the WSC and intrusion show both seasonal and intraseasonal variation. As the negative WSC off southwest Taiwan becomes stronger, it contributes to anticyclonic circulation. The enhanced anticyclonic circulation helps the development of the Kuroshio intrusion. The consistency between WSC variability and the intrusion suggests that the WSC off southwest Taiwan is essential to the Kuroshio intrusion variability.Item Air-sea interaction between Tropical Cyclone Nari and Kuroshio(American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2008-06-01) Wu, C.-R.; Y.-L. Chang; L.-Y. Oey; C.-W.J. Chang; Y.-C. HsinThe air-sea interaction between tropical cyclone Nari (Sep/6 – 16/2001) and Kuroshio is studied using satellite observations and an ocean model. Nari crossed the Kuroshio several times, which caused variations in typhoon intensity. Nari weakened when it was over the shelf north of Kuroshio where cooling took place due to mixing of the shallow thermocline. The cyclonic circulation penetrated much deeper for the slowly-moving storm, regardless of Nari’s intensity. Near-inertial oscillations are simulated by the model in terms of the vertical displacement of isotherms. The SST cooling caused by upwelling and vertical mixing is effective in cooling the upper ocean several days after the storm had passed. At certain locations, surface chlorophyll-a concentration increases significantly after Nari’s departure. Upwelling and mixing bring nutrient-rich subsurface water to the sea surface, causing enhancement of phytoplankton bloom.Item Transient, seasonal and interannual variability of the Taiwan Strait Current.(Springer Netherlands, 2007-10-01) Wu, C.-R.; S.-Y. Chao; C. HsuWe have constructed a fine-resolution model with realistic bathymetry to study the spatial and temporal variations of circulation in the Taiwan Strait (TS). The TS model with a resolution of 3∼10 km derives its open boundary conditions from a larger-scale model. The QSCAT/NCEP winds and AVHRR SST provide forcing at the sea surface. Because of the high resolution in model grids and forcing, the model achieves a previously unavailable level of agreement with most observations. On biweekly time scales surface-trapped current reversals often lead to Strait transport reversals if the northeasterly wind bursts in winter are sufficiently strong. On seasonal time scales the northward current is the strongest in summer since both summer monsoon and pressure gradient force are northward. The summer northward current appears to be relatively unimpeded by the Changyun Rise (CYR) and bifurcates slightly near the surface. With the arrival of the northeast monsoon in fall, downwind movement of China Coastal Water (CCW) is blocked by the northward current near 25.5°N and 120°E. In winter, the northward current weakens even more as the northeasterly monsoon strengthens. The CCW moves downwind along the western boundary; the CYR blocks part of the CCW and forces a U-shaped flow pattern in the northern Strait. Past studies have failed to reveal an anticyclonic eddy that develops on the northern flank of CYR in winter. On interannual time scales a weakened northeast monsoon during El Niño reduces advection of the cold CCW from the north and enhances intrusion of warm water from the south, resulting in warming in the TS.Item Mesoscale eddies in the northern South China Sea(ELSEVIER, 2007-07-01) Wu, C.-R.; T.-L. ChiangA fine-grid resolution model with realistic bathymetry and forcing has been developed to study the characteristics of the mesoscale eddies for the northern South China Sea (SCS). The SCS model derives its open-boundary conditions from a larger-scale model, which minimizes errors related to the uncertainty of the Kuroshio intrusion at the open boundaries. The model results are consistent with previous observations. Model sea-surface height anomaly demonstrates that the hydrography and circulation in the northern SCS are modulated by westward-propagating mesoscale eddies originating in the vicinity of the Luzon Strait. This explains the observed intra-seasonal fluctuations at the SouthEast Asian Time-series Study (SEATS) station. The mesoscale eddies have the same propagation speed as baroclinic Rossby waves (∼0.1 ms−1). The periods of eddy shedding estimated from Strouhal number are around 40–50 days in December and 80–120 days in August, respectively. The seasonal variability of the Kuroshio intrusion results in more eddies in winter than in summer.Item A numerical study on the formation of upwelling off northeast Taiwan(American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2008-08-01) Wu, C.-R.; H.-F. Lu; S.-Y. ChaoWe examined the spatial and temporal variations of upwelling off northeast Taiwan, using a fine-resolution numerical model with realistic bathymetry. The zonally running shelf break in the area deflects the Kuroshio seaward and produces upwelling on its on-shelf edge. The upwelling, in turn, manifests a cold dome or a cyclonic eddy. In depths below 150 m or so, the upwelling and hence the cyclonic eddy exist year-round. Above this depth, the eddy waxes and wanes as the upper portion of the Kuroshio migrates seaward and shoreward, respectively. The eddy event fluctuates in a wide range of timescales. Seasonally, the occurrence heavily favors summer rather than winter, because the mean Kuroshio axis migrates seaward in summer. Intraseasonally, the fluctuation contains two dominant periods centered at 70 days and 30 days. Local wind forcing and channeling by two local canyons do not affect the eddy statistics significantly.Item Interannual variability of the South China Sea in a data assimilation model(American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2005-09-01) Wu, C.-R.; C.-W. J. ChangSea surface height (SSH) variations in the South China Sea are examined using results from a data assimilation model. After the SSH data have had the annual cycle removed, principal component analysis illustrates two distinct anomaly patterns. The first mode, strongest off Vietnam, would affect the basin-wide gyre intensity. The second mode consists of a meridional dipole feature with a nodal line around 12衹 and is related to the development of the eastward jet and upwelling off Vietnam. Both EOF modes have significant interannual variations and are highly correlated to the ENSO events. The leading phase of mode 2 coefficient provides preliminary evidence for the air-sea interaction and the Pacific-East Asian teleconnection. An innovative mechanism is proposed to describe a weakened upwelling off Luzon in winter 1998. An extra-strong basin-wide warming in summer 1998 persists into fall and winter, preventing the formation of winter upwelling off Luzon in that year.Item Volume transport through the Taiwan Strait : a numerical study.(the Chinese Geoscience Union, 2005-06-01) Wu, C.-R.; Y.-C. HsinA fine grid resolution model with realistic bathymetry was constructed to study the spatial and temporal structures of flow through the Taiwan Strait where observations are limited. The model covers an expanded domain that includes the entire East China Sea and South China Sea, as well as the region occupied by the Kuroshio. The fine-resolution model derives its open boundary conditions from a larger scale Western Pacific Ocean model. Two numerical weather products from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and one satellite observation-based wind set (QSCAT) are used to force the ocean model. Model experiments suggested that the best simulation is achieved when the model is driven by the QSCAT wind forcing. Several important features are reproduced in the model simulation. The volume transport is northward and largest in summer while minimal volume transport is southward and occurs in fall and winter. The general trend of volume transport is related to the seasonal reversal of monsoon winds. The present model also suggests that flow in the entire Taiwan Strait is to the southwest during periods of strong northeasterly wind. The annual average transport based on the present model is 1.09 Sv (1 Sv = 10 m s 6 3 1 −), which is smaller than most published values based on shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (sb-ADCP) observations. The result suggests that sb-ADCP observations are biased toward estimates in summer and fair weather since bad weather during the winter northeast monsoon often prevents seagoing observations.