教師著作

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End date: 2004Has files: Yes

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    農漁村高齡者輔導之策略：一個獨居老人高齡班的個案分析
    (台灣農業推廣學會, 2001-01-01) 林如萍
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    我國家庭教育發展之展望-知識體系之建構
    (國立臺灣師範大學人類發展與家庭學系, 2003-05-01) 林如萍
    中國社會以家庭制度為核心，而「家庭教育」傳統指陳的是：家庭中父母、長輩對子女、晚輩的教育，包括：灑掃應對進退、孝親事長等生活常規及世代倫理。隨著社會變遷，家庭的結構與功能均有所改變，家庭與社會所面臨新的問題與挑戰，使得人們進一步正視家庭教育的重要性，對家庭教育的觀念亦隨之改變。近年來隨著家庭教育的重要性逐漸受到重視，相關領域之學者亦有許多探討，美國國家家人關係協會(National Council on Family Relations，簡稱NCFR)所建構之「家庭生活教育」(Family Life Education)概念架構相繼被提出討論，在推動我國家庭教育發展之際，參酌其他國家之發展經驗確實有所助益，然而深究美國推動家庭生活教育之經驗，可以瞭解文化、國情與家庭生活緊密相關，因此，家庭生活教育之推動亦應有本土之思考，方能於借鏡西方經驗之同時，服膺民情與需要。本文旨在探討我國家庭教育之歷史沿革，繼之針對美國NCFR提出之家庭生活教育加以分析，探討其對我國家庭教育發展之啓發，並提出建構家庭教育知識體系之展望。
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    Circadian variations in plasma and erythrocytes glutamate concentrations in male adults on a diet with and without added monosodium glutamate.
    (American Society for Nutrition, 2000-04-01) Po-Jung Tsai and Po-Chao Huang,
    This study evaluated the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) ingestion as a component of the diet on the 24-h variations in plasma and whole-blood glutamate (GLU) concentrations in healthy adult men. In the first arm of the study, subjects were given test meals without added MSG for 3 d. Protein and energy intakes of the subjects were 1.5 g and 40 kcal/(kg body weightzd), respectively. On d 3, blood samples were collected over the 24-h period. One week later, the same protocol was repeated, except that 100 mg/(kg body weightzd) MSG was added to the meals (15, 40 and 45 mg/kg body weight to breakfast, lunch and dinner, respectively). Both plasma and whole-blood samples were analyzed for free amino acids. Unlike large neutral amino acids, which experienced high peak plasma concentrations at 2100–2300 h, the circadian variations in plasma GLU concentrations were small, varying between 33 and 48 mmol/L on days in which no MSG was fed, and between 32 and 53 mmol/L on days in which MSG was added to the meals. In both trials, plasma GLU concentration increased (P , 0.01) after lunch and dinner, and decreased early in the morning (P , 0.05). Calculated erythrocyte GLU concentrations varied between 500 and 640 mmol/L, with or without MSG addition to the meals. The rather low plasma GLU concentrations over the 24-h period, despite high dietary intake of MSG, indicate that dietary MSG is metabolized very rapidly.
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    Comparison of the Effects of “Hot” and “Cold” Chinese Medicinal Plants on the Production of Inflammatory Mediators by Raw 264.7 Cells
    (Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, FDA., 2004-03-01) Su-Chen Ho and Po-Jung Tsai.,
    �� The hot/cold balance system plays an important therapeutic role in traditional Chinese medicine and is applied in food selection by East Asians. Foods traditionally considered "Hot" have been demonstrated to have the ability to enhance basal prostaglandin E2 production. Conversely, foods considered "Cold" can suppress prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. Therefore, this study attempted to further confirm the previous hypotheses by selecting four Chinese medicinal plants and comparing their natural hot or cold characteristic influences on the production of inflammatory mediators. Herbs traditionally regarded as hot (Coptis chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis) or cold (Zingiber officinale and Cinnamomum cassia) were extracted with hot water and applied to RAW 264.7 cells in the presence or absence of LPS. Supporting the previous hypothesis, hot water extracts from the "Hot-herbs", Zingiber officinale and Cinnamomum cassia, induced PGE2 production and COX-2 expression by unactivated cells. In contrast, LPS-induced PGE2 production and COX-2 expression was inhibited dose-dependently by hot water extracts of the "cold-herbs", Coptis chinensis and Scutellaria Baicalensis. All of the subject herbs had a strict inhibitory effect on NO production and iNOS expression. These results implied that COX-2 but not iNOS expression might serve as an indicator of hotness or coldness of medicinal plants.
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    Cord Plasma Concentrations of Adiponectin and Leptin in Healthy Term Neonates: Positive Correlation with Birth Weight and Neonatal Adiposity.
    (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004-01-01) Po-Jung Tsai, Chun-Hsien Yu, Shih-Penn Hsu, Yu-Hsiang Lee, Chuen-Hua Chiou, Yu-Wen Hsu, Su-Chen Ho, and Chun-Hong Chu.
    objective  Adiponectin is negatively associated with leptin, insulin and obesity in children and adults. Whereas increases in fetal insulin and leptin are associated with increased weight and adiposity at birth, the role of adiponectin in fetal growth has not yet been determined. The aims of this study were to examine the relationships between adiponectin and insulin, leptin, weight and adiposity at birth in healthy term infants. design and methods  Anthropometric parameters including weight, length, circumferences and skinfold thickness were measured, and plasma lipid profiles, insulin, leptin and adiponectin concentrations in cord blood samples from 226 singleton infants born at term after uncomplicated pregnancies were assayed. results  Cord plasma adiponectin, leptin and insulin levels correlated significantly and positively with birthweight (P = 0·001, P < 0·001, P < 0·001, respectively) and the sum of skinfold thicknesses (P < 0·001, P < 0·001, P < 0·001, respectively). Mean cord plasma adiponectin and leptin levels, but not insulin level, were significantly higher in large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants compared with appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants. Cord plasma leptin concentration, but not adiponectin concentration, was significantly higher in female infants than in male infants (P = 0·003 and P = 0·94, respectively). Cord plasma adiponectin concentration correlated positively with leptin level (P = 0·007) but not with insulin level (P = 0·78). conclusions  High adiponectin levels are present in the cord blood. Cord plasma adiponectin and leptin levels are positively correlated with birthweight and adiposity. This suggests that adiponectin may be involved in regulating fetal growth.
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    Effects of dietary mixtures of amino acids on fetal growth and maternal and fetal amino acids pools in experimental maternal phenylketonuria
    (American Society for Nutrition, 1999-04-01) Austic, R. E., Su, C.-L., Strupp, B. J., and Levitsky, D. A.
    Background: Branched-chain amino acids have been reported to improve fetal brain development in a rat model in which maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) is induced by the inclusion of an inhibitor of phenylalanine hydroxylase, DL-p-chlorophenylalanine, and L-phenylalanine in the diet. Objective: We studied whether a dietary mixture of several large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) would improve fetal brain growth and normalize the fetal brain amino acid profile in a rat model of maternal PKU induced by DL-α-methylphenylalanine (AMPhe). Design: Long-Evans rats were fed a basal diet or a similar diet containing 0.5% AMPhe + 3.0% L-phenylalanine (AMPhe + Phe diet) from day 11 until day 20 of gestation in experiments to test various mixtures of LNAAs. Maternal weight gains and food intakes to day 20, fetal body and brain weights at day 20, and fetal brain and fetal and maternal plasma amino acid concentrations at day 20 were measured. Results: Concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine in fetal brain and in maternal and fetal plasma were higher and fetal brain weights were lower in rats fed the AMPhe + Phe diet than in rats fed the basal diet. However, fetal brain growth was higher and concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine in fetal brain and in maternal and fetal plasma were lower in rats fed the AMPhe + Phe diet plus LNAAs than in rats fed the diet containing AMPhe + Phe alone. Conclusion: LNAA supplementation of the diet improved fetal amino acid profiles and alleviated most, but not all, of the depression in fetal brain growth observed in this model of maternal PKU.
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    The recycling of L-citrulline to L-arginine in a chicken macrophage cell line
    (the Poultry Science Association, 1999-03-01) Su, C.-L., and Austic, R. E.
    L-Arginine is the only biological substrate of nitric oxide synthase in a reaction yielding NO and L-citrulline as co-products. The resynthesis of L-arginine from L-citrulline has been observed in murine macrophages. However, it is not known whether avian macrophages have a similar capacity for the synthesis of arginine. The present studies were carried out to determine whether L-citrulline can support NO (measured as nitrite) production in the HD11 cell, a chicken macrophage cell line. When added to media lacking L-arginine, L-citrulline supported a low level of nitrite accumulation: about 4 to 11% of the amount of nitrite formed from an equivalent concentration of L-arginine. Aspartic acid was not limiting for NO production from citrulline.
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    Mutational analysis of the hormone-sensitive lipase translocation reaction in adipocytes
    (The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc., 2003-10-01) Su, C.-L., Sztalryd, C., Contreras, J. A., Holm, C., Kimmel, A. R., and Londos, C.,
    Lipolysis in adipocytes governs the release of fatty acids for the supply of energy to various tissues of the body. This reaction is mediated by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), a cytosolic enzyme, and perilipin, which coats the lipid droplet surface in adipocytes. Both HSL and perilipin are substrates for polyphosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA), and phosphorylation of perilipin is required to induce HSL to translocate from the cytosol to the surface of the lipid droplet, a critical step in the lipolytic reaction (Sztalryd C., Xu, G., Dorward, H., Tansey, J. T., Contreras, J.A, Kimmel, A. R., and Londos, C. (2003) J. Cell Biol. 161, 1093–1103). In the present paper we demonstrate that phosphorylation at one of the two more recently discovered PKA sites within HSL, serines 659 and 660, is also required to effect the translocation reaction. Translocation does not occur when these serines residues are mutated simultaneously to alanines. Also, mutation of the catalytic Ser-423 eliminates HSL translocation, showing that the inactive enzyme does not migrate to the lipid droplet upon PKA activation. Thus, HSL translocation requires the phosphorylation of both HSL and perilipin.
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    Telling stories of experiences: Narrative development of young Chinese children
    (Cambridge University Press, 2004-05-01) Chang, C
    This study explores growth in Chinese children's narrative over a 9-month period. Sixteen children (eight boys, eight girls) living in Taipei, Taiwan, participated in this project. The children were visited in the home at ages 3 years 6 months (3;6), 3;9, 4;0, and 4;3 and were prompted to tell personally experienced narratives at each visit. Three dimensions of the child's narrative skills (narrative structure, evaluation, and temporality) were assessed from an individual growth modeling perspective. The results of this study suggest that Chinese children, generally speaking, include more narrative components, evaluative information, and temporal markers in their narratives over time. However, the growth patterns and rates of change for each child on each narrative measure vary.
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    不同年齡層參與馬拉松賽的血液生化值之比較
    (中華民國大專院校體育總會&Airiti Press Inc., 2002-01-01) 李建明; 黃欽永; 黃谷臣; 湯馥君
    本研究主要目的是瞭解完成馬拉松賽前及賽後生化值之變化；以及不同年齡層完成馬拉松賽生化值之比較。本研究以參加2001年台北市國際馬拉松賽(42.195 km)選手中，自願參與本研究者為實驗對象，共計30人，最後跑完全程者有26人，依年齡分為青年（20-39歲）、壯年（40-49歲）及中老年（50-70歲）三組。於比賽前12小時及比賽後立即抽血，以t考驗比較受試者在馬拉松比賽前後的乳酸脫氫酶、肌酸激酶、飯前血糖及乳酸等四種血液生化值。結果發現全體受試者完成馬拉松後的生化值均顯著高於跑步前(P<.05)，其完成馬拉松的生化值分別為，乳酸脫氫酶(239.46±34.42 U/L)、肌酸激酶(307.65±141.07 U/L)、飯前血糖(113.46±28.76 mg/dL)及乳酸(3.52±1.53 mmol/L)；跑步前的生化值分別為，乳酸脫氫酶(177.96±0.35 U/L)、肌酸激酶(184.4±120.78 U/L)、飯前血糖(100.08±12.02 mg/dL))及乳酸(1.25±0.50 mmol/L)。以單因子變異數分析不同年齡層完成馬拉松的生化值之比較，僅在乳酸脫氫酶差異達顯著水準(P<.05) ，經進一步事後比較，僅有青年組(263.5±33.0 U/L)與壯年組(225.7±32.78 U/L)間有所差異。因此，本研究獲得下列結論：(l)從事長時問的耐力性運動會造成肌酸激酶、乳酸脫氫酶、飯前血糖及乳酸值的上升；(2)參與馬拉松運動容易對身體組織造成某種程度的傷害，而這些損傷程度並不因年齡不同而有所差異。