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文學院
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教師著作
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教師著作
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http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/43028
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莊子「魚之樂」析論
(
國立彰化師範大學國文學系
,
2013-12-01
)
沈維華
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魚是莊子追求生命逍遙自在的象徵。莊子藉魚喻人,認為人惟有如「化而為鳥」之魚遨遊天地,如「相忘江湖」之魚自然忘我,才能通達於道而至美至樂。莊惠二人在濠梁觀魚,因觀看事物的視角與心境之殊異,而展開一場「魚之樂」之論辯。惠施偏客觀知識的邏輯分析,以「分別之知」觀察水中之魚,是以人魚有別,物我有隔,因而斷言「人不知魚之樂」;莊子則重主觀審美的直覺體會,以「無待之心」觀賞水中「出游從容」之魚,是以人魚如一,物我混同,故莊子能「感知魚之樂」。 「魚之樂」的故事,並非著意於莊惠論辯之勝負,而是從人與人、人與物之間,彼此尊重為出發點,以不起分別作用之心靈,觀照世間;以調暢逸豫之精神,遊於人間,體現莊子追求逍遙自在、審美超越的生命境界。
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