博物館參觀學習中動線型態差異對學習成效之影響

Abstract

隨著社會型態與科技不斷改變，博物館服務的核心，逐漸由「物」轉變為「人」，並確立以教育為使命的立場。所以博物館開始重視與人的互動，並希望提供適性的學習服務，但這些適性服務多是考量觀時間、參觀目的等客觀條件，忽略了喜好、興趣等主觀條件，而這些主觀條件應該可以大幅提升學習成效。 因此本研究於新店文史館進行為期六天的實驗，了解以不同動線型態進行博物館學習時，學習動機與學習成就的變化。實驗中受測者被分為一般動線組及適性動線組，分別以一般固定動線或以興趣為順序的適性動線參觀，再以學習成就前後測、學習動機量表與訪談，觀察學習成效的差異。 研究發現進行博物館參觀學習，確實可以形成學習成就。以不同動線型態進行博物館參觀學習時，適性動線參觀會引發較高的學習動機並帶來較高的學習成效。另外，如果學習者要以適性動線進行博物館參觀學習，博物館的展出內容必須確區分單元，以避免觀眾混淆進而降低適性動線的效果。Museums are gradually shifting their focus from offering the “physical” towards the more “human” aspect of their core services, in order to contend with constant social change and continued technological development, while firmly establishing its educational purpose. Therefore, museums are beginning to value human interaction with the aim towards providing suitable educational services; however, these aptitude services have mainly considered objective conditions, such as viewing length and visit motivation, but neglected the subjective conditions such as visitor preference and interest, even when these subjective conditions should be helpful in greatly increasing learning achievement. This study conducted a six day experiment at the Xindian Cultural and History Museum examining the effects on learning motivation and learning achievement through the adoption of different path lines while learning at the museum. The subjects are divided into normal path line and aptitude path line groups, visiting the museum via a conventional pre-fixed path line or a path line following the visitor’s interest, respectively. In this study, pre-test and post-test learning achievement results are recorded, learning motivation surveys, and interviews are used to examine whether there is a difference in learning achievement and learning motivation between the two groups and whether there is a correlation between learning achievement and learning motivation when taking different path lines. The results of this study concluded learning achievement is obtained through visiting and learning at the museum. When examining the difference in path lines, it is found that the visitors adopting the aptitude path line will generate higher learning motivation and obtain higher learning achievement.Additionally, the result of this study suggests the museum should organise the exhibits into clearly recognisable units to avoid confusing the visitor, in order for visitors taking the aptitude path line to obtain optimal learning achievement.