臺北市家戶防災物資儲備行為影響因子之研究

Abstract

臺灣近年發生許多地震、颱風、土石流等災害，皆對民眾生命、財產造成相當程度的威脅，而隨著氣候變遷加劇，這些災害威脅也日趨增加。為降低災害風險，民眾與家戶需積極進行防災準備，以減少災害可能造成之傷害。本研究目地在於探討臺北市居民的災害風險識覺、調適評估、調適意圖和調適行為，並分析影響其調適行為之因子。研究方式以本研究設計之「民眾平日儲備防災物資行為之探討調查問卷」進行問卷調查，調查對象為臺北市各行政區的家戶物資主要決策購買者，收集決策者個人屬性資料、家戶資料、風險識覺、調適行為和防災物資儲備狀況，並利用統計分析軟體SPSS第23版進行後續相關統計分析。臺灣常見的自然災害包含地震、颱風、水災及土石流災害，再加上近年較為嚴重的火災、流行傳染病等問題，因此問卷主要調查居民針對上述六種災害的「受災經驗與風險識覺」、「認知偏見與調適意圖」及「家戶防災與儲備物資行為」等項目。本研究分為兩大部分進行討論，首先參考個人氣候變遷主動調適模型(Model of Private Proactive Adaptation to Climate Change, MPPACC)的分析架構，分析探討民眾在氣候變遷下，容易受哪些外在因素影響其風險識覺、調適意圖及調適行為。另一部分則探討民眾的個人屬性及家戶特質、生活背景等對風險識覺、調適行為和防災物資儲備行為的影響。整體而言，本研究發現個人氣候變遷主動調適模型適用於探討分析臺北市居民的災害風險識覺、調適評估、調適意圖和調適行為。多數研究結果與該模式假設相符，但亦有部分項目呈現與原模式不同之結果，仍有待後續研究持續探討。另外，在家戶防災物資儲備行為研究部分，本研究發現「家戶及主要物資決策購買者屬性」、「受災經驗與風險識覺」差異都會影響其「家戶儲備物資行為」。本研究結果可以提供相關單位在如何提升民眾防災物資儲備行為時參考。In recent years, many earthquakes, typhoons, landslides, and other disasters have occurred in Taiwan, most of which have caused considerable threats to people's lives and properties. With the intensification of climate change, the threats of these disasters are increasing. In order to reduce disaster risk, people and households need to actively take disaster prevention measures to reduce the potential damage caused by disasters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the disaster risk perception, adaptation appraisal, adaptation intention, and adaptive behavior of residents living in Taipei City, and to analyze the factors that affect their adaptive behavior. The research approach of this study is to conduct a questionnaire survey using the questionnaire designed by this study, named “Survey questionnaire on the behavior of the people to store emergency supplies in daily life.” The sample selected for this study is the main decision-making buyers of household emergency supplies in different administrative districts of Taipei City. This study collects the personal attribute data of the main decision-making buyers of household emergency supplies, household data, risk perception, adaptive behavior, and emergency supplies storage status, then uses the statistical analysis software SPSS version 23 to perform relevant statistical analysis.The common natural disasters in Taiwan include earthquakes, typhoons, floods, and landslides. In addition, fires and epidemics are getting worse in recent years. Therefore, the questionnaire mainly surveys residents’ “risk experience and risk perception,” “cognitive biases and adaptation intention,” and “household disaster preparedness and emergency supplies storage behavior” for the above six types disasters. This study mainly discusses the following two parts. First, this study employs the framework of the Model of Private Proactive Adaptation to Climate Change (MPPACC) to analyze and explore what factors will affect residents’ risk perception, adaptation intention, and adaptive behavior. The other part explores the influence of people's personal attributes, household characteristics, and life background on risk perception, adaptive behavior, and emergency supplies storage behavior. In summary, this study finds that the Model of Private Proactive Adaptation to Climate Change (MPPACC) is suitable for exploring and analyzing the disaster risk perception, adaptation appraisal, adaptation intention, and adaptive behavior of residents living in Taipei City. Most of the findings of this study are consistent with the assumptions ofthe MPPACC, but some items show different results from the original model, which needs to be explored in future research. In addition, regarding the analysis of household emergency supplies storage behavior, this study finds that differences in “household characteristics,” “the main decision-making buyers’ personal attributes,” “disaster experience,” and “risk perception” will affect their “household emergency supplies storage behavior.” The findings of this study may provide a reference for relevant institutions to improve people's emergency supplies storage behavior.