老年人健康狀況、身體活動與功能性體適能相關之探討

Abstract

本研究旨在探討老年人的健康狀況、身體活動及功能性體適能之相關性，進一步探析自覺健康狀況、自述慢性疾病症狀數是否為身體活動與功能性體適能的預測因子，本研究檢測對象為中壢市老年人100名，年齡為65~80足歲老年人，本研究分為兩部份，（一）問卷訪談和（二）功能性體適能檢測，將所得資料以皮爾森積差相關與複迴歸進行統計分析。本研究發現：（一）功能性健康與身體活動、下肢肌力、上肢肌力、有氧能力、敏捷/動態平衡、肩膀柔軟度呈正相關；（二）自覺健康狀況與下肢肌力、上肢肌力、有氧能力、敏捷/動態平衡、下肢柔軟度呈正相關；自覺健康狀況與自述慢性疾病症狀數呈負相關；（三）自述慢性疾病症狀數與身體活動、敏捷/動態平衡、肩膀柔軟度、下肢柔軟度呈負相關；（四）身體活動與有氧能力、肩膀柔軟度、敏捷/動態平衡、下肢柔軟度呈正相關；（五）自述慢性疾病症狀數是身體活動的預測因子；（六）自覺健康狀況是下肢肌力、上肢肌力、有氧能力、敏捷/動態平衡、下肢柔軟度的預測因子。根據本研究發現，建議老年人運動處方的設計可運用本研究的兩項主要結果：（1）自述慢性疾病症狀數來預測老年人身體活動量，及（2）自覺健康狀況來預測老年人功能性體適能水準。The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between health status, physical activity, and functional fitness among older adults. In addition, it was to investigate if perceived health status and self-report chronic illnesses were the predictors of physical activity and functional fitness. A total of 100 individuals, age between 65~80 who lived in Chung-li city, participated in current study. The study data was obtained by (1) structured questionnaire and interview and (2) examination of functional fitness by the researcher. The data was analyzed by Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression. The results showed: (1) Functional health was positively associated with physical activity, upper- and lower-body muscular strength, aerobic endurance, agility/dynamic balance and shoulder flexibility; (2) Perceived health status was positively associated with upper- and lower-body muscular strength, aerobic endurance, agility/dynamic balance and lower-body flexibility; self-report chronic diseases was negatively associated with physical activity, agility/dynamic balance and shoulder flexibility and lower-body flexibility; (4) Physical Activity positively associated with aerobic endurance, shoulder flexibility, agility/dynamic balance and lower-body flexibility; (5) Self-report chronic illnesses was the predictor of physical activity; (6) Perceived health status was the predictor of lower-body muscular strength, upper-body muscular strength, aerobic endurance, agility/dynamic balance and lower-body flexibility. According to the results of this study, there were two major findings: (1) Self-report chronic illnesses were able to predict physical activity, and (2) Perceived health status was able to predict functional fitness.