臺灣基本地形圖中地圖符號使用演變之研究

Abstract

地形圖是許多現代國家的基本圖，在地形圖繪製的過程中，地圖符號被使用來表達空間中的地理資訊，而用圖者也透過地圖中的地圖符號來認識環境，所以，隨著環境變遷，地圖符號的使用應該有所變化。本研究主要透過歷史研究法途徑，歸納整理臺灣科學化製圖(1904年)以來，普通地形圖中地圖符號的使用情形，並以製圖綜合概念來探究、詮釋影響地圖符號使用的因素與製圖思維，且進一步對近來地形圖中地圖符號的使用趨勢與機制加以討論。研究結果如下：一、地圖符號在類別上由繁化簡，實際使用數量亦呈現減少的現象；二、地圖符號使用差異主要受製圖目的、用圖需求、測繪技術、產銷觀念及傳統關聯與標準化等因素的影響；三、內政部已對基本地形圖建置地圖符號標準化的使用，主要透過學術單位研究調查與基本地形圖資料庫小組會議研議決定，這將影響未來地形圖修測的內容與地理資訊的呈現。本研究建議如下：政府相關單位可發展基本地形圖教育計劃，使基本地形圖易為民眾所了解、使用；得透過網路互動式需求調查反映社會發展所需的地圖符號；促使國家基本地形圖內容發展更具教育性、文化性。Topographic map is the basic map in many modern countries. In the process of topographic mapping, map symbols are used to express the geographic spatio-temporal information, and map users recognize the environmental characteristics through the map symbols. So, the use of map symbols should be altered as changes in geographical environment. This study collates and analyzes map symbols in the general map since the scientific mapping of Taiwan(1904), investigates and interprets the factors that affect the use of map symbols and the subjective thought in mapping through the conception of cartographic generalization, and discusses the trends and mechanisms of the map symbol use in topographic maps in Taiwan. The results are as follows: First, the classification of map symbols was simplified and the number used on maps was decreased actually. Second, the main factors that affect the use of map symbols include the purpose of drawing, map use requirements, production and cost aspects, conventional associations and standardization, and geo-data characteristics. Third, Ministry of the Interior has established the standardization of map symbols on topographical map, mainly based on the research reports of academic institution entrusted by the Ministry of the Interior and the resolution at meetings of the working group of Basic and Topographic Map. That will affect revisions of topographic maps in the future and the map content and presentation of geographic information. The suggestions of this study are as follows: the government agencies could develop education programs of the basic topographic map for general public, every one can search and use maps more conveniently. Reflect the map symbols needed of the social development by interactive survey on web. Promote the content development of national basic topographic map more educational and cultural.