巴岱伊小說中逾越的耗費:《愛華妲夫人》，《我的母親》，《眼睛的故事》與《死人》

Abstract

喬治‧巴岱伊的普遍經濟觀一直以來都是個廣泛被討論的議題，然而他的小說並沒有得到相同的關注，更遑論會得到讀者的青睞，他的小說不受欣賞是因為讀者對小說中蔓佈的暴力、死亡和性等禁忌感到恐懼。對巴岱伊而言這些耗費被視為禁忌是因為這些耗費對以生產為導向的資本主義造成威脅，就巴岱伊而言這些耗費深深的吸引讀者，因為它們是讀者跳脫出奴役狀態的橋樑。 本論文的主體分成四個章節。第一章〈巴岱伊的普遍經濟觀:獻祭與情色〉簡述巴岱伊的普遍經濟觀，此章敘述巴岱伊將耗費視為一種溝通的形式與跳脫奴役狀態的橋樑。第二章〈情色論:耽溺焦慮式的閱讀〉闡述情色與動物式的性之間細微的差異。第三章〈情色論:禁忌與逾越〉探索禁忌與逾越之間的關係。對巴岱伊來說禁忌與逾越不是互相衝突抵制而是呈現互相追逐互動的關係。第四章〈情色論:禮物與重生〉探討耗費的原則。此章並闡述情色為一種禮物與重生的形式。

Georges Bataille’s general economy has been a much explored issue; in contrast, his novels did not receive a similar attention, let alone a welcome reception should be expected from readers. His novels suffered pale appreciation because readers were extremely horrified by their permeating presentation of taboos such as violence, death and sexuality. For Bataille, these taboos are inextricably related to expenditures which undermine the doctrine advocated by production-oriented capitalist society. These expenditures, as Bataille suggests, should rather fascinate than frightening readers away because they function as salvation from a state of servitude. This thesis is divided into four major chapters. Chapter One, entitled “Bataille’s General Economy: Sacrifice and Eroticism,” initiates a brief introduction to Bataille’s general economy. In this introduction Bataille’s characterization of expenditure as a form of communication and a way of liberation from servitude is investigated. Chapter Two “Eroticism: Reading for Anxiety” exposes the essence of eroticism and the subtle distinction between eroticism and animal-like sexuality. Chapter Three “Eroticism: Prohibition and Transgression” explores the relationship between prohibition and transgression. Bataillean eroticism features prohibition and transgression in an altering interplay rather than antagonistic conflict. Chapter Four “Eroticism: Gift and Rebirth” investigates the principle of loss. It also examines the issue: Eroticism as a form of rebirth and gift.