Nietzsche's ZarathustraAn Internal-External Dialectic Representing the Rediscovered Self of Modern Man

Abstract

尼采筆下的查拉圖斯特具體表現了現代人的內在追尋，而非向外探索，以重拾其內在衝突的動態平衡，亦即一「內在-外在」的辯證體。更進一步從心理的層次來看，查拉圖斯特不僅深刻洞察人類存在的處境，並且在人類生存的本體論困境中扮演一種驅魔避邪的力量。本文擬從三方面來探討這個問題。第一部分將論及現代人的精神困境及自我內在的根本矛盾。第二部分著重在尼采如何運用修辭上的諷喻技巧作為自我辯證體的反射。第三部分則描述查拉圖斯特為一重拾之自我，亦即現代人生存的本體論困境中之驅魔避邪的力量。事實上查拉圖斯特也就是尼采的阿波羅及戴奧尼修斯二觀點的重新整合，也就是對自我內在衝突的重新統合。換句話說，查拉圖斯特代表一種動態的有機體，一個融鑄綜合與分析的辯證體。

Nietzsche's Zarathustra embodies modern man's endogenous quest, instead of anexogenous one, to rediscover his self as a dynamic balance between opposites, an internal-external dialectic. On a deeper and more psychological level, Zarathustra not only provides a genuine insight into the dilemma of the human condition but also portraysan exorcising power, helping us overcome the ontological predicament of our own human existence. The first section of this paper will deal with the spiritual dilemma of modern manand the fundamental contradictions lying in the self. The second section will be concerned with Nietzsche's use of parody as a reflection of the self dialectic. The thirdsection will delineate Zarathustra as the rediscovered self, an exorcising power on theontological predicament of human existence. As a matter of fact, Zarathustra embodiesan integration/reconciliation of Apollonian and Dionysian perspectives, that is, the opposites within the self. In other words, Zarathustra represents a dynamic organism, aninternal-external dialectic.