交通樞紐、美學及都市場域的車站設計

Abstract

車站是一個城市空間記憶載體，新的車站設計亦是地區居民心目中由當地傳統文化進入未來新紀元的時間歷程的最佳表徵。長久以來，市區鐵路對於都市發展具有極大的影響，因長期鐵路的阻隔造成全市交通路網無法平順銜接，劃分出前、後站的區域阻隔，使都市活動系統無法連貫，亦造成鐵道及車站周邊地區多老舊、窳陋，市容不佳影響都市景觀及整體發展。車站的構築絕不侷限於建築師主觀呈現的建築美感及文化的意涵，而是如何掌握車站設計的關鍵因子，以”好的設計”將新、舊歷史的風貌再造、都市紋理的場域連結、交通樞紐的機能建置、創新技術的科技應用等重新定位，以作為車站設計的目標。文本將透過知名建築大師並獲得知名獎項的車站設計案例，經過整理與紀錄分析，從交通樞紐、美學及都市場域等關鍵因子進行差異分析，也將導入大眾運輸導向型發展TOD( Transit Orientd Development)的都市開發模式，找出近期都會車站設計的關鍵因子，藉以滿足車站實用性、美學性和人性化的要求，同時滿足環境友好、節能、減碳等相關因素，進而提升城市交通運輸的順暢和市民生活的質量。亦藉由車站進行交通樞紐、美學及都市場域等關鍵因子的整合性設計的實際操作，對於交通運輸樞紐之車站機能與動線、以人為本的設計、光線和透光性以及永續性綠建築等設計，提供更加便捷、舒適、安全和環保的轉乘服務；車站建築美學設計從自我詩性的構想出發，利用不同的建材及永續綠建築的技術應用，並考量慮當地的文化特色和歷史背景，將這些元素融入到建築，建構出屬於當地地方的車站獨特造型，形成城市中標誌性地標；另外，於都市場域考量以城市環境的融合及文化認同，使車站成為連結當地市民文化活動、商業活動、生態休閒活動與公共集會的都市客廳，創建一個新的城市廣場和易於接近的車站建築。因深感車站設計是臺灣鐵路營運及都市發展是重大指標工程，而車站整合性的創新技術更是與時俱進，故釐清車站設計因子的影響關係，進而找出不同以往的專業框架，提升創意設計品質，從中尋找出建築設計理念的發展方向。冀望文本能對臺灣未來車站能提出從交通樞紐、美學及都市場域等關鍵因子之創新技術整合性的設計理念，能作為未來車站設計的參考。Railway stations serve as spatial memory carriers of cities, and new station designs are considered as the best representation of the transition from local traditional culture to the future era. Urban development has long been influenced by urban railways, which often create barriers and divide the city into separate areas, affecting the coherence of urban activity systems and leading to the deterioration of railway and station surroundings. Consequently, the cityscape and overall development are compromised.Station construction should not be limited to the architect's subjective presentation of architectural aesthetics and cultural implications. Instead, it is essential to grasp the key factors of station design, redefine the appearance of old and new historical resources, connect urban textures, establish transportation hubs, and incorporate innovative technological applications. The goal is to reposition these elements to achieve a "good design." This article will analyze and document notable station design cases by renowned architects who have receivedprestigious awards, comparing key factors such as transportation hubs, aesthetics, and urban environments. It will also incorporate the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) urban development model to identify the key factors in recent metropolitan station designs. The aim is to meet the requirements for station functionality, aesthetics, and human-centric design while also considering environmental friendliness, energy conservation, and carbon reduction. Ultimately, this will enhance the smoothness of urban transportation and improve the quality of life for city residents.Through the practical application of integrated design for transportation hubs, aesthetics, and urban environments, the study will focus on the functionality and flow of station hubs, human-centered design, lighting and transparency, and sustainable green building design. The goal is to provide more convenient, comfortable, safe, and eco-friendly transfer services. Station architectural aesthetics will be conceived from a poetic perspective, utilizing different materials and sustainable green building techniques, while considering local cultural characteristics and historical contexts. These elements will be integrated into the architecture to create unique station designs that become iconic landmarks in the city. Furthermore, the study will consider the integration of the station into the urban environment and cultural identity, making the station a city lounge that connects local cultural life, commercial operations, ecological leisure activities, and public gatherings. This will create a new urban square and an easily accessible station building.Given the significant role of station design in Taiwan's railway operations and urban development, as well as the need for innovative and integrated technologies that keep pace with the times, it is crucial to clarify the relationships of station design factors. This will help identify a new professional framework that enhances the quality of creative design and determines the development direction of architectural design concepts. It is hoped that this text can offer innovative, integrated design concepts based on key factors such as transportation hubs, aesthetics, and urban environments as a reference for future station designs in Taiwan.