台灣地區住宅建築設計健康促進指標建構之研究

Abstract

自2019年底COVID-19疫情爆發以來，全球對居家環境與健康彼此的關係日益重視。本研究作者為開業建築師，曾接受完整的建築教育，自省執業20餘年所執行的建築案件，揆諸設計過程，針對人們在室內空間中所面臨的健康問題，欠缺整體的健康促進設計思維以及可運用的指標工具。因此，本研究希望能建構具備健康促進特色的台灣地區住宅建築設計健康促進指標，期能提供相關政策、建築教育及建築設計者運用參考。本研究採用德懷術研究法，通過三回合問卷調查，收集30名專家有效問卷，最後建構完成的設計指標包括10個構面、31個項目、118個細項及201個補充說明。其中，構面及項目分述如下，構面一 空氣環境：室外進氣、通風性、室內空氣。構面二 供水環境：供水設備、供水水質、水資源再利用。構面三 光環境：自然採光、人工照明。構面四 熱環境：室內溫度、室內濕度、熱傳導、熱對流、熱輻射。構面五 電磁輻射環境：外部輻射源、內部輻射源。構面六 噪音與振動環境：外部音源、內部隔音、減振設施。構面七 心理支持環境：隱私性、裝修材質與色彩。構面八 衛生環境：病原傳播、排水衛生、垃圾處理、空間維護。構面九 安全環境：防災設施、無障礙設施、防墜設施、消防設施、保全設施。構面十 社區交流環境：救護與保健空間、交誼空間、運動空間、庭園空間。本研究提出以下建議，1.建築政策的制定：建築主管機關應檢討現行政策及法令，納入健康促進議題，制定健康促進建築設計指標，並建立評估體系、分級評鑑及獎勵措施。2.建築教育的推廣：建築教育單位可根據本研究建構之指標，建置健康環境課程，培養設計者具備健康促進的觀念、知識及健康建築設計技能。3.建築產業的落實：相關職業公會和業者可參考本研究成果進行職業訓練及產品改良，提供設計者更多資源及選擇。4.建築設計流程的導入：由建築設計者操作健康促進設計指標查核表，按設計手法、建築材料、建築設備三個面向，檢討個案適用指標範圍及作法，以完備整體健康促進的住宅建築設計。5.後續研究：未來可進行台灣地區健康促進建築評估指標的建構研究，逐步建立完整的健康建築設計及評估指標體系。透過本研究，期望促成台灣地區住宅建築設計朝向更健康、更符合現代需求的方向發展，提高國人生活品質與健康福祉。Since the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, the world has paid increasing attention to the relationship between home environment and health. The author of this study is a practicing architect who has received a complete architectural education. He has self-reflected on the architectural cases he has practiced for more than 20 years. Based on the design process, he lacks overall health promotion design thinking and the health problems faced by people in indoor spaces. Indicator tools available. Therefore, this study hopes to construct health promotion indicators for residential building design in Taiwan with health promotion characteristics, and to provide reference for relevant policies, architectural education, and architectural designers.This study adopted the Delphi technique research method and collected valid questionnaires from 30 experts through three rounds of questionnaires. The finally constructed design indicators included 10 aspects, 31 items, 118 details and 201 supplementary explanations. Among them, the aspects and projects are described as follows. Aspect 1: Air environment: outdoor air intake, ventilation, and indoor air. Aspect 2: Water supply environment: water supply equipment, water supply quality, and water resource reuse. Facet 3: Light environment: natural lighting, artificial lighting. Aspect 4: Thermal environment: indoor temperature, indoor humidity, heat conduction, heat convection, and heat radiation. Aspect 5: Electromagnetic radiation environment: external radiation sources and internal radiation sources. Aspect 6: Noise and vibration environment: external sound sources, internal sound insulation, and vibration reduction facilities. Aspect 7: Psychological support environment: privacy, decoration materials and colors. Aspect 8: Sanitary environment: pathogen transmission, drainage sanitation, garbage disposal, and space maintenance. Aspect 9: Safety environment: disaster prevention facilities, barrier-free facilities, anti-fall facilities, fire-fighting facilities, and security facilities. Aspect 10: Community communication environment: rescue and health care space, social space, sports space, garden space.This study puts forward the following recommendations, 1. Formulation of building policies: Building authorities should review current policies and laws, include health promotion issues, formulate health-promoting architectural design indicators, and establish evaluation systems, graded evaluations, and incentive measures. 2. Promotion of architectural education: Architectural education units can build healthy environment courses based on the indicators constructed in this study to cultivate designers with health promotion concepts, knowledge and healthy architectural design skills. 3. Implementation in the construction industry: Relevant professional associations and industry players can refer to the results of this research for professional training and product improvement, providing designers with more resources and choices. 4. Introduction of architectural design process: Architectural designers use the health promotion design indicator checklist to review the scope and methods of applicable indicators for individual cases according to the three aspects of design techniques, building materials, and construction equipment to complete the overall health promotion residential building design. . 5. Follow-up research: In the future, we can conduct research on the construction of health-promoting building evaluation indicators in Taiwan, and gradually establish a complete healthy building design and evaluation index system.Through this research, we hope to promote the development of residential architectural design in Taiwan towards a healthier and more in line with modern needs, and improve the quality of life and health and well-being of the Chinese people.