不同擺臂立定跳遠之生物力學分析

Abstract

本研究是以運動生物力學的方法探討不同擺臂立定跳遠動作 (挺胸擺臂、前後擺臂及叉腰不擺臂) 之間的差異。以八名大專跆拳道男子選手為受試對象；利用十部Vicon MX-13+紅外線攝影機 (200Hz) 及一塊Kistler 9281測力板 (1000Hz)，同步蒐集受試者在不同擺臂立定跳遠動作過程中的運動學及動力學的數據資料。統計方法以無母數弗里曼二因子等級變異數分析，檢驗不同擺臂動作間參數之差異情形，若達顯著差異，則進行事後比較 (α= .05)。從本研究的結果得到兩種擺臂立定跳遠動作在下列的生物力學參數比叉腰立定跳遠動作來得大：立定跳遠的距離，下蹲期之動作時間、重心垂直位移量；蹬伸期之最大水平地面反作用力、最大發力率、起跳瞬間重心水平速度、起跳瞬間髖、膝關節角度；飛行期之重心水平位移量。此外三種動作的水平衝量挺胸擺臂大於前後擺臂，大於叉腰立定跳遠 (p＜.05)。本研究發現不同擺臂立定跳遠的動作在預備至起跳瞬間，若有較大的水平衝量即可獲得較大的水平速度，有助於立定跳遠之運動表現。而挺胸擺臂立定跳遠動作在跳躍距離上，有優於前後擺臂與叉腰立定跳遠之趨勢。因此建議立定跳遠的技術以挺胸擺臂的動作為佳。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical differences among different types of arms swing, including chest out arms swing, arms swing back& forth, and arms akimbo standing long jumps. Eight male college Taekwondo athletes served as the participants of this study. Ten Vicon MX-13+ (200Hz) infrared cameras and a Kistler 9281 (1000Hz) force plate were simultaneously used to collect the kinematics and the kinetics data of the three type movements. The Friedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks nonparametric statistical test was applied to compare the biomechanical parameters among the three types of standing long jump. Post-hoc comparison was applied while the statistical significance was attained (α= .05). The results showed that both of the chest out arms swing and the arms swing back& forth displayed greater performance significantly than arms akimbo as regards the following parameters: long jump distance, downward movement duration time, COM vertical displacement, maximum horizontal GRF and maximum rate of force development at the propulsive stage, COM horizontal initial velocity at the takeoff, the angles of hip joint, knees joints at takeoff. Moreover, the three types of movement were found to differ significantly from one another in horizontal impulse. The results of the study showed that the greater horizontal impulse generated the faster horizontal velocity. Since the long jump of the chest out arms swing was better than arm swing back and forth and arms Akimbo movement. We recommend that the athlete could learn chest out arms swing standing long jump in the test.