桃園市某國中學生健康外食行為及其相關因素之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在了解桃園市某國中學生健康外食行為之現況，並探討基本變項、健康外食知識、態度、自我效能、重要他人支持與健康外食行為之相關情形，以及分析其對健康外食行為的預測力。研究母群體為桃園市某國中學生，以班級為單位之分層集束隨機抽樣，並利用自編結構式問卷進行資料收集，共得有效問卷377份，有效回收率95%。經資料處理與統計分析，結果發現： 一、整體健康外食行為屬於中間偏差的程度，在健康外食知識方面屬於尚可，健康外食態度方面屬於中上，健康外食自我效能方面屬於中等，而健康外食重要他人支持屬中等。 二、顯示女生的低脂肪攝食技巧優於男生，家庭社經地位高的學生低脂肪的攝食技巧優於家庭社經地位低的學生，在整體健康外食行為上，亦因為家庭社經地位不同而有差異。 三、健康外食態度、健康外食自我效能、健康外食重要他人支持與健康外食行為具有顯著正相關，且健康外食自我效能和健康外食重要他人支持越高者，均衡飲食和低脂肪攝食技巧表現上也越好。 四、家庭社經地位、健康外食自我效能可以有效預測健康外食行為，並可解釋健康外食行為總變異量的38%，其中以「健康外食自我效能」最具影響力。 本研究依結論提出未來建議，提供今後改善或推行國中營養教育之參考，以促進國中學生進康外食行為之形成與維持。The purposes of this study were to understand the basic variables, the knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, important others’ support, and behavior of health out-eating, and to discuss the correlations of these fators toward the health out-eating behavior of one junior high school in Taoyuan City. The subjects of this study were the 7th, 8th, and 9th grade student. Five classes in each grade were randomly selected from the school. The subjects were asked to complete a structured questionnaire. A total 377 questionnaires were collected. The main results of this study were as follows: 1.The behavior of health out-eating of the study subjects showed to the degree of below good level. The knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and important others’ support of health out-eating were at middle level. 2.The low-fat eating skills of female subjects were significantly better than those of male subjects. The low-fat eating skills of higher family socio-economic status of subjects were significantly better than those of low family socio-economic status of subjects. And in the whole behaviors of health out-eating showed significantly differences between family socio-economic status. 3.The attitude, the self-efficacy, important others’ support had positive correlations with the behavior of health out-eating, respectively. 4.The family socio-economic status and self-efficacy could significantly explain 38.8% of the variances of behavior of health out-eating, and the self-efficacy was the main predictor toward the behavior of health out-eating. The results of the study can provide the reference for improving or implementing nutrition education in junior high schools in the future.