下課時間身體活動類型與物理環境垂直距離的探討

Abstract

本研究旨在探討教室不同樓層與校園中活動區域之距離對國中學生下課時間身體活動類型的影響與差異。首先透過參與觀察，初步瞭解桃園縣某國中教室在不同樓層的學生下課時間從事身體活動之態樣，作為問卷調查問題設定之依據，接續抽選該校一至三樓各樓層一個班的學生參與問卷調查之後再採立意取樣，選取教室位於該大樓一至三樓各樓層男女學生各一位，參與半結構式訪談。結果發現:(一)各樓層學生下課時間身體活動地點與類型，隨樓層升高而有不同態樣；教室樓層越高，下課時間在教室、走廊從事靜態之聊天、睡覺活動者比例越高；教室樓層越低者，下課時間至動態區進行動態身體活動者比例越高；(二)活動空間與設施近便性影響學生下課時間身體活動意願與類型；水平距離與垂直距離直接影響國中學生下課時間身體活動類型，但垂直距離影響國中學生下課時間選擇身體活動地點之意願較水平距離影響程度高。尤其，受空間特性影響，教室與走廊可提供空間有限，同學在此空間中易偏向從事靜態之身體活動類型。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence and difference of classrooms located in various floors and activity area on campus on junior high school students’ recess physical activity types. Participation observation was initially administered to understand the physical activity types during recess for students in various floors in a junior high school in Taoyuan County, so as to develop questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to three classes selected from first, second, and third floor. Followed by purposive sampling, one male and one female student were selected from each floor for semi-structured interview. Findings from this study were as follows: (1) Physical activity types and locations during recess were different with floors. As the higher in floor, the more inactive activities in corridor or classroom during recess. On the other hand, the lower in floor, the more active activity was observed. (2) The accessibility of activity space and facilities influenced students’ willing and physical activity types, with horizontal distance and vertical distance were found directly affect physical activity type. However, the vertical distance, rather than horizontal distance, affected junior high school students' choice of location. In particular, by the characteristics of the space, classrooms and corridors provided limited space for students during recess. Therefore, they tended to engage in inactive activity type.