1920年代臺灣文化啟蒙運動之研究─創新傳佈理論的觀點

Abstract

日治時期(1895年~1945年)，臺灣人民遭受與世界上許多被殖民者類似處境－差別待遇，同時臺灣人民也和世界上許多被殖民者一樣，對殖民統治者有反抗與衝突，而這些反抗與衝突有部分是非武力的文化、政治社會運動，特別是在1920 年代，臺灣近代知識份子受到了日本大正時期民主自由思潮與世界「民族自決」等影響，面對臺灣人民的困境及文化的頹喪，效法西方啟蒙運動的真義，力圖改革以謀求臺灣文化之向上。 臺灣文化協會乃臺灣史上第一個啟蒙臺灣人新思想文化的團體。臺灣文化協會結合了當時社會菁英及各階層人民的參與，並運用各式傳媒管道包括出版刊物、講演、電影及戲劇等方式，成功地在臺灣各地傳佈了新思想文化。 創新的事件得以順利的傳佈，包括了五個要件：新事物、傳播管道、時間、社會體系以及人。本文研究即以創新傳佈理論為觀點，分析1920年代臺灣文化啟蒙運動的內外環境背景、臺灣文化協會於文化啟蒙的傳佈過程中，傳播媒介的運用與效果，並探究社會菁英(以蔣渭水為例)與傳播效果之間的關係以及臺灣文化啟蒙運動對臺灣社會的影響。 雖然最終臺灣文化協會成員間因在運動方向上的歧異，導致分裂而至泡沫化，然而卻興起了臺灣繼文化啟蒙運動後，政治社會運動更廣泛的實踐熱誠，從追求臺灣文化主體性的認知面來看，「臺灣是臺灣人的臺灣」已成為1920年代臺灣文化啟蒙創新傳佈的最大意義所在。During the Japanese Occupation Period (1895-1945), People in Taiwan had suffered the same situation as other colonized people in the world － Discrimination Treatment. The same as other colonized people, People in Taiwan resisted and conflicted with the colonizer. However, the resistance and conflict were on culture and political movements. Especially in the 1920s, the modern intellectuals in Taiwan were influenced by the democracy trend in the Japanese Taisho Period and the world trend of the “National Self-Determination.” Facing the difficult condition and cultural depression, People in Taiwan followed the example of Enlightenment Movement in Western to reform and upgrade the culture of Taiwan. Taiwan Cultural Association (TCA) was the first organization which was engaged in the enlightenment of the new thinking culture in Taiwan. At that time, there were many social elites and different classes of people in TCA. Through the variety of media channels, including the publishing, speech, movie and drama etc., they had spread the new thinking on culture around Taiwan. The Event of Innovation was able to be diffused smoothly owing to the fllowing five key items: The Innovation, Communication Channel, Time, Social System and Adopter. This study focused on the Diffusion of Innovations, analyzing the internal and external backgrounds regarding Taiwan Cultural Enlightenment during the 1920s, the usage and effect of the communication media regarding Taiwan Cultural Enlightenment from the TCA, and exploring how the social elites (example on Wei-Shui Chiang) had influenced on the Cultural Enlightenment in Taiwan. There were some different opinions for the movement among the members of TCA which led to separating and foaming in the end. However, the political movement became more practical and enthusiastic after the Cultural Enlightenment in Taiwan. From the perspective of culture autonomy, the viewpoint of “Taiwan belongs to People in Taiwan,” had great significance for the Diffusion of Innovations regarding Cultural Enlightenment in Taiwan during the 1920s.