希望取向個別諮商對藥癮者目標建構與未來生活適應之探究

Abstract

本研究旨在了解希望取向個別諮商運用於即將出獄的藥癮者之歷程與內涵。研究參與者為5位北區某獄所一年內將出獄之男性毒品受刑人，分別進行每週一次約40分鐘，每人6-8次不等之希望取向個別諮商。總體共得34份個別諮商文本，採敘事研究法之「類別－內容」分析資料。研究結果發現：（一）主動思考的歷程與內涵，1.營建嶄新空間而成為優先作者：從對家庭的虧欠意識到彌補的責任；2.放慢速度在空隙中整合斷裂：從年華逝去和尊嚴不再到創造價值成就。（二）路徑思考的歷程與內涵，1.想像未來生活而盤整補充：開展社會興趣的預防內控路徑；2.停滯之困境與阻礙：聚焦自我阻斷和倚靠家中經濟的封閉路徑。（三）希望目標意識與未來生活適應，1.翻轉角色位置而彰顯主體：從計畫趕不上變化到勾勒生涯規劃的雛型；2.不帶判斷的允許得以貼近真實：突破戒毒與人際連結的兩難困境。（四）希望三要素之相互作用，1.述說希望目標的歷程能強化主動思考；2.確認所欲之希望目標能帶動路徑思考；3.內控取向的路徑能提升主動思考。最後，根據研究結果進行討論與並建議。

The purpose of this study was to examine individual counseling with a hope-based approach applied to drug addicts. Participants were 5 male drug addicts who would be released from the prison in northern Taiwan within one year. Each of them received 6-8 sessions of weekly individual counseling. There were a total 34 transcripts of individual counseling. Data were examined using categorical-content analysis of narrative research. The findings were: 1) Agency thinking - (a) building a new space and becoming a priority author: gaining a sense of owing the family to make up for the responsibility; (b) slowing down to integrate the cracks: from the passing of time and loss of dignity to creating valuable achievements. 2) Pathways thinking - (a) imagining the future of life and supplement: developing social interests to create paths of prevention; (b) being stagnant by obstacles: self-blocking and dependence on family. 3) Goal setting and life adaptation - (a) role reversal and focusing on subjectivity: from unpredictability to outlining of career; (b) non-judgmental acceptance leading to genuineness: breaking the dilemma between rejecting drugs and interpersonal relationships. 4) Interaction of three components - (a) describing goal process could strengthen agency thinking; (b) confirming real goal could drive pathways thinking; (c) pathways of internal control could improve agency thinking. Finally, results were discussed and suggestions were offered.