台灣當代傳說研究：傳說在政治、文學、流行文化與災難中的生產實踐

Abstract

傳說是民間版本的歷史，代表民間對社會生活、當代事件或過往歷史的話語詮釋權。傳說作為民間文學重要文類，具有歷史性、可信性、地方性、解釋性等特點，透過傳說能表達民間的觀點與信仰。當代民間文學研究除了要關照過去，也要呼應國際民間文學研究的轉型，望向活躍於當代的傳說，讓傳說成為具有現實動能的現代之學，重視傳說的實用，跨學科領域的對話與互助，能積極為當代社會與生活文化提出實用的貢獻。二十一世紀台灣社會進入真正民主化的時代，加以社群媒體時代的來臨，新媒介與全球化帶動新的研究主題與挑戰。面對當代的新問題與新思潮，傳統傳說的母題，在當代的新脈絡、新材料、新載體下，透過多元傳播渠道如網路、大眾傳媒快速且廣泛地再生與傳播。當代脈絡下的傳說研究，必須順應新的時空條件與時俱進，放寬研究視野，並將田野擴及網路社群媒體等新媒介。本文關注的傳說包含都市傳說、謠言、舊瓶新裝的舊傳說文本。即以當代仍在傳述、改寫、轉譯的傳說。內容涉及真實事件或人物的象徵性真相的隱喻。從政治人物傳說中爬梳台灣民間政治想像的認同與變遷，分析歷史上重要政治領袖、歷任總統相關謠言，討論民間文學在政治上的動力。以乜寇、李昂、甘耀明三位作家作品，觀察分析當代原住民兒童文學、後鄉土小說對傳說的改寫與應用的敘事策略與意義。此外，本文採用「類民俗」的概念，探討當代傳說如何在台灣戲劇、電影、電玩等流行文化中再現，召喚台灣集體歷史記憶，並在全球化的脈絡下建構文化認同。 本文將「類傳說」的謠言納入研究視野，視其為人類生活、思想和情感的表達，發揮其實用性與動能，嘗試為謠言研究提供了新思路和新視角。本文以數則台灣疫情下、災難後流傳的謠言為文本，嘗試以傳說研究的方法學與路徑，觀察在「非常」的社會語境下，於社會互動過程中產出的疫情相關謠言，進行謠言文本內容與集體認同的分析，分析其套語、敘事模式、傳播、變異的過程與因素，並關注導致謠言消失/再現的因素，探討謠言文本中蘊含的認同、信仰、文化的隱喻。A legend is a folklore genre that represents the folk's right to interpret social life, current occurrences, or past incidents. Legends, as a significant genre of folk literature, possess features of history, credibility, locality, interpretation, and they represent folk views and beliefs. In addition to caring for the past, contemporary folklore research should reflect the transformation of international folklore research, look to the legends that are active in the modern era, make legends a modern study with realistic momentum, emphasize the practicality of legends, promote interdisciplinary dialogue and mutual assistance with other fields, and actively contribute to contemporary society and living culture.The 21st century has seen true democratization as well as rising of social media in Taiwan society. New media and globalization have also prompted new research themes and challenges. In response to modern issues and new intellectual trends, and under influence of new circumstances, materials, and carriers of modern times, the motifs of traditional legends have been recreated and spread quickly and widely through a variety of communication channels.The study of legends in the contemporary age must adjust and expand itself according to contemporary contexts. It also has to encompass new media, like SNS. This thesis focuses on urban legends, rumors, and preserved old legends, which refer to legends that are still repeated, altered, and translated today; and to better analyze these materials, comprehending the metaphorical meanings behind them is an important method in this thesis. By searching the symbolic truth of an actual event or person, I decipher the identity and changes of Taiwan's folk political imagination through political figure stories, evaluate rumors about major political leaders and presidents, and discuss the political dynamics of legends. My thesis also examines and analyzes the narrative methods and relevance of rewriting and utilizing legends in contemporary aboriginal children's literature and post-regional literature, using the works of three writers: Neqou Soqluman, Li Ang, and Gan Yaoming. Furthermore, this thesis uses the concept of "folkloresque" to investigate how contemporary legends can be reproduced in Taiwanese popular culture, such as TV shows, films, and video games, and how they can thereby summon Taiwan's collective historical memory and constructing cultural identity in the context of globalization. This paper also attempts to include "legend-like" rumors into the spectrum of studies and to view them as an expression of human thoughts, feeling and life, trying to provide new perspectives and ideas and to make rumor study more practical and dynamic. Using several rumors spread during or after the epidemic/disasters in Taiwan as texts, this thesis would like to utilize the methodology and pathof legend research to observe how the rumors were produced in the process of social interaction under the extraordinary social circumstances. While examining the concrete content of rumor texts, this thesis also aims to analyze the collective identity, as well as the stereotypes, narrative patterns, of the examined rumors; moreover, it intends to discuss the processes and factors of transmission and mutation of rumors related to the epidemic, including the factors that cause them to disappear/reappear. Furthermore, it hopes to propose possible discussions of the metaphors of identity, belief, and culture contained in rumor texts.