運動員的身體故事－「運動人」、「不馴服」

Abstract

本研究主要探討運動員在運動中，建置運動身體的過程。本研究採取的方法以敘說研究為主，藉由說故事的方法，讓運動員主動陳述許多豐富閱歷與身體故事，完整地呈現其個體的轉變與社會文化影響的交互關係。當運動員在說故事的同時，也在對自己過去生命經驗作反思，藉由此也得到身體與深度生命經驗的結合。本研究從Cassirer（1874-1945）人類學的觀點出發，揭露運動員由人進入到「運動人」的轉變與模塑過程，接著深入社會文化因素，讓文化運動人的面貌得以完整的呈現，最後置入Focault（1926-1984）規訓的觀點，發現運動員無論在運動人或文化運動人下，自身都存在著一種對抗性－「征服」與「馴服」。成功的運動員，都有強烈的不馴服激素蘊含在身體中，他們不甘心身體受控，因此會想盡辦法找出一切出路，來確認自己的定位。

The purpose of this study was to explore the process of how athletes constructed their body of athletic excellence. While narrative was used as the approach in this study, athletes, as storytellers, told their body story by experience, representing the interrelationship between body transformation and social, cultural effects. To tell the story, athletes also reflected on their life experience, and by which, a recombination of body and life experience was thus regained. This study, starting from the research of anthropologist Cassirer (1874-1945), uncovered the process of how a so-called human being modeled and transformed himself into a sportsman, representing the dimensions of the cultural sportsmanship with the discussion of social, cultural causes, and concluding with the thesis of discipline by Foucault (1926-1984). Athletes, whatever simple athletes or cultural sportsmen, always live with domestication and untameness themselves. However, a successful sportsman always lives, implicating with an untamed drive,being not reconciled to the dominion over his body, and orienting himself on his own terms.