觀光餐旅從業人員節能減碳素養量表發展與應用之研究

Abstract

全球暖化是目前全世界人類所共同面臨最嚴重的環境議題，同時也影響著觀光事業的永續發展。在觀光餐旅節能減碳的研究中，從業人員扮演著重要角色，但過去尚未從觀光餐旅從業人員的素養面去探討。經營者與從業人員須對於節能減碳的相關議題和知識有系統化的瞭解，具備節能減碳的正向情緒、意願與態度，才能確實落實節能減碳的行動，以促使低碳旅遊的進行，且進而達到觀光事業永續經營的目的。 本研究的目的為建構與發展觀光餐旅從業人員節能減碳素養指標與量表，並分析不同觀光餐旅業者間節能減碳素養之差異與缺口。本研究兼採質化與量化方法進行研究，提出觀光餐旅從業人員之節能減碳素養量表指標共計30題，涵蓋7個構面：「節能減碳相關知識」、「生態學概念」、「態度與價值觀」、「敏感度」、「控制觀」、「行動意圖」與「行動策略」。本研究進行兩階段問卷施測，第一階段對象為已具有相關工作經驗的觀光餐旅科系大三與大四學生，共計453份有效問卷。預試結果用來修正問項內容、並透過探索性因素分析瞭解題項與量表構面適合性；第二階段針對觀光餐旅業從業人員，共計492份有效問卷，做為評估量表之信效度，以效化觀光餐旅節能減碳素養量表。 並且進一步分析觀光餐旅產業從業人員節能減碳素養的缺口與差異，發現「節能減碳相關知識」與「敏感度」為從業人員最為缺乏的素養認知，而在「控制觀」上認知最高；另外不同產業別上，觀光業從業人員整體素養認知最高；最後發現較年長或是工作年資較久的從業人員素養認知較高。 透過觀光餐旅從業人員節能減碳素養量表的概念化與衡量，本研究提出實務管理與應用上的建議。本研究所研發之觀光餐旅從業人員節能減碳素養量表與指標，可作為觀光永續發展與觀光餐旅節能減碳人才培育之重要參考依據。Global warming are serious environmental issues that every individual needs to address, and these issues could have enormous impacts on the sustainable development of the tourism industry. As carbon reduction and environmental protection becomes a prevalent trend, tourism businesses should also shoulder their social responsibilities by fostering more green-minded practitioners. However, little academic attention has been paid to the practitioners’ Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction (ESCR) literacy in the tourism and hospitality industry. It is important to foster correct knowledge(cognition) to ensure a positive approach to the environment(awareness, attitude, values and fundamental care for the environment) and the motivation to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to develop an ESCR literacy scale for practitioners and analysis the difference and gap among all practitioners in different tourism and hospitality industry. Through literature review and in-depth interviews, this study develops a preliminary framework and a literacy measuring scale. The reliability and validity of the scale were examined twice with exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, using samples collected from 453 college students majoring in tourism and hospitality and 492 tourism industry practitioners. The results show that the overall goodness-of-fit of this model is optimal. The final scale consists of 30 items under seven constructs: knowledge of ESCR issues, ecological concepts, attitudes and values, sensitivity, locus of control, action intent and action strategy. Furthermore, the study finds that “knowledge of ESCR issues” and “sensitivity” are the major shortages of literacy cognition for tourism and hospitality practitioners and have highly “locus of control”. The tourism practitioners have the highest scores in ESCR literacy among the all industries. Finally, elder practitioners or practitioners with longer working experience are higher literacy cognition. In summary, this study shed light on the important attributes of ESCR literacy through the perspectives of practitioners. The implications of these findings for practical applications are also provided, as well as suggestions for future research.