雕塑中的負空間與失序性：瑞秋．懷特雷的作品研究

Abstract

瑞秋．懷特雷(Rachel Whiteread, 1963-) 的雕塑在1990年代確立其風格。她以傳統的鑄造方式來重現日常生活環境與物件周遭的空間，創造出前衛的、逆轉的空間造形物。本論文以其1989-2006年的鑄造作品為研究對象，針對作品形態、方法與內容進行分析，研究內容首先採用空間觀與形式分析進行初步認識；接著回顧其崛起背景與脈絡，釐清其空間典範，針對藝術評論與詮釋所提及作品的二元對立特徵，解釋其來由。最後參考完形理論(Gestalt Theory)與羅莎琳．克勞斯(Rosalind E. Krauss) 提出的失序性(entropy)概念，詮釋其空間運作之特性。綜合評估瑞秋．懷特雷的藝術價值，期望能對創作產生啟示。

Rachel Whiteread established her own unique style of sculpture in the 90’s. By using traditional methods of sculpting and casting, she reverses and presents the spaces which could be seen in our daily life and surroundings in a modern way. This essay aims to study the forms, methods and meanings of the works which Whiteread composed from 1989 to 2006. The research would introduce the paradigm of Whiteread’s works by analyzing the concept of spaces and patterns, and explain the reasons of dichotomy which is often discussed by art comments. Referring to Gestalt Theory and the concept of entropy proposed by Rosalind E. Krauss, the study would illustrate the spectacular spirits and features Whiteread has been giving to her works. Besides, we would also retrace the background and the times when Whiteread has stared her work, and evaluate the art value of her extraordinary and imaginative sculptures.