男子競技體操鞍馬項目致勝因素分析－以2003年世界大學運動會為例－

Abstract

本研究旨在了解競技體操鞍馬項目之致勝因素，對最後得分的影響，並對其決賽中華隊選手之成套加分因素，加以探討。以參加2003年世界大學運動會體操賽鞍馬項目資格賽之選手共87位為研究對象，使用多元統計分析與文獻比對等研究方法進行資料分析及討論，所得到的研究結論如下： 一、 資格賽裁判員間之評分，具有信度、效度與客觀性，顯示其評分具有準確性。 二、 資格賽中大部分選手起評分趨向高分，實施情況穩定，顯示大部分的選手對規則適應良好。 三、 資格賽不同起評分對於最後得分的影響有所不同；不同實施減分對於最後得分的影響亦有所不同，顯示起評分越高其得分就越高；實施減分越低其得分就越高。 四、 實施減分具有最佳的解釋力，顯示實施減分對於最後得分的影響力大於起評分。當起評分趨近相同時，其實施減分亦具有突前規律之效果。 五、 兩位中華隊選手在鞍馬項目之成套動作，在體操的致勝因素－「難、新、穩、美」中，皆達到「難」之要求，而在「穩、美」的表現，須再加強。其中林祥威選手在成套動作能兼顧「全方位」，動作編排亦達到「新」之要求。 綜上所述，具體建議有二：其一是在教練之訓練重點方面，除掌握規則的走向之外，亦應注重動作展示的優質化。其二是選手的成套動作方面，尤須朝向多元化之方向發展。The Purposes of this study are to understand how the winning factors on Men’s Artistic Gymnastics of Pommel Horse influence the Final Scores, and to discuss the exercise of Bonus Points of Chinese Taipei gymnasts in Apparatus Finals. Subjects of this study were eighty-seven gymnasts who participate in qualification of the Pommel Horse. A multiple statistical analysis and the measures of literature research were used in this study. After discussion, the conclusions of this study show as follows: 1) The judges’ evaluation shows its accuracy with Reliability, Validity and Objectivity. 2) Most of the Start Values and execution deduction scores are higher to consistence and steady. 3) Different Start Values and execution deduction scores show the significant differences toward final scores. Higher Start Values and lower execution deduction scores make high final scores. 4) The execution deduction scores have the best explanation. The explanation of the execution deduction scores is better than Start Values; therefore, the execution deduction scores took the advantage in the qualification. 5) In the winning factors of Gymnastics: 「Difficulty, Originality, Insurance, Elegance」, the exercise of the Pommel Horse taken by two Chinese Taipei gymnasts reach the requirement of 「Difficulty」. However, they should reinforce their performances in「Insurance and Elegance」. The gymnast, Lin Hsiung-wai developed the whole area of the elements and his movement arrangement reach the requirement of 「Originality」. According to what mentioned above, the concrete suggestions are as follows: 1) The main training points of the coach, besides grasp the rules, should put emphasize on the beauty of the movement. 2) The development of the gymnasts’ routine should head for the trends of diversity.