舊臺中市區都市空間結構與環境異質性於都市熱島效應影響之研究

Abstract

世界都市人口急遽攀升，且氣候變遷之影響越發嚴峻，都市熱島成為都市發展時首要欲解決的問題之一。近年來都市熱島相關研究中，討論都市內部的空間結構與地表溫度間關聯性的研究逐漸增加。舊臺中市於近20年間，溫度上升幅度明顯，都市熱島效應極可能為助長舊臺中市區溫度升高的原因之一。然而過往探討臺中市都市熱島之研究，多數仍停留於探討舊臺中市區與周圍其他行政區的土地利用型態與地表溫度間的關聯。故本研究欲彌補過往研究之缺口，選定舊臺中市八區作為研究區域，透過相關文獻回顧，得出除氣候條件外，地景特徵、土地利用類型及都市空間結構等為影響都市溫度的主要驅動變數。本研究透過使用2014年及2022年Landsat 8衛星影像資料，了解舊臺中市區都市熱島效應的影響變化，並以地理加權迴歸分析探討地表溫度影響因素對局部區域地表溫度高低的影響。本研究發現在舊臺中市內部，都市熱區多與工業區、建物過於密集有所關聯；而都市冷區則多與大量植被覆蓋、高樓層建築物搭配適當棟距、鄰近水體及大型開放空間有關；而都市中冷區消失則多因市地重劃開發導致大量植被覆蓋消失所導致。此外，空間結構及周圍環境間會相互影響，進而呈現出不同的高低溫聚集現象。本研究透過前述結果證實除土地利用與土地覆蓋外，都市立體空間結構及周圍環境亦為影響都市內部地表溫度高低之重要考量因素。藉由本研究提供於都市發展時，何為導致地表溫度變化需考量的因素，以作為未來都市規劃時之參考。The world's urban population is rising rapidly, and the impact of climate change is becoming more severe. Urban heat islands have become one of the primary problems to be solved in urban development. In recent years, among studies related to urban heat islands, there has been an increasing number of studies discussing the correlation between the spatial structure within cities and surface temperature. The temperature of old Taichung City has increased significantly in the past 20 years, and theurban heat island effect is likely to be one of the reasons for the increase in temperature in the old Taichung urban area. However, most of the previous studies on urban heat islands in Taichung City still focused on exploring the relationship between land use patterns and surface temperature in the old Taichung urban area and other surrounding administrative districts. Therefore, in order to fill the gap in previous research, this study selected the eight districts of old Taichung City as the research area. Through a review of relevant literature, it was concluded that in addition to climate conditions, landscape characteristics, land use types, and urban spatial structure are main driving factors that affect urban temperature. main driving.This study uses Landsat 8 satellite image data from 2014 and 2022 to understand the changes in the urban heat island effect in the old Taichung urban area, and uses geographically weighted regression analysis to explore the impact of surface temperature influencing factors on the surface temperature in local areas. This study found that within old Taichung City, urban hot areas were mostly associated with industrial areas and overly dense buildings; while urban cold areas were mostly associated with large amounts of vegetation, high-rise buildings with appropriate building spacing, proximity to water bodies, and large open spaces. The disappearance of cold areas in cities is mostly caused by the loss of a large amount of vegetation coverage caused by urban land rezoning and development. In addition, the spatial structure and the surrounding environment would interact with each other, thus showing different high and low temperature aggregating phenomena. Through the aforementioned results, this study confirms that in addition to land use and land cover, urban three-dimensional spatial structure and the surrounding environment are also important considerations that affect the surface temperature within the city. This study provides the factors that need to be considered in urban development and can serve as a reference for future urban planning.