親屬安置家庭的經驗再現-家扶基金會台北市分事務所辦理親屬安置再精進之研究

Abstract

當家庭遭逢變故或無法執行其家庭照顧功能時，政府得依法有責任為兒少安排適切的照顧，家外安置兒少福利服務的工作方法之一。親屬照顧家庭為最優先也是最符合兒少成長中所需要的相同替代照顧之選擇方式。本研究以親屬照顧者的視角出發，瞭解其擔任親屬安置照顧者的經驗；從照顧過程裡理解其可能面對的挑戰與壓力，同時彙整機構在親屬安置的服務方案的困境與挑戰，給予機構精進與深化親屬安置方案的服務具體建議。本研究訪談親屬照顧者與方案執行社工，共計6位進行深度訪談，歸納出研究結果與建議如下：研究結果：一、親屬與兒少過往的經歷為安置關鍵因素。二、原生家庭可能是支持也是干擾。三、照顧者身心安頓與親職能力議題。四、文化與親族關係致使親屬安置備受挑戰。五、安置前的評估不易。六、社工們協力合作有助親屬安置執行。七、支持性服務有助於穩定安置歷程。研究建議：一、政策層面：落實親屬安置優先的規定、親屬安置方案流程增修-優化安置前的評估、建置社工協力合作的服務流程、發展在地化的服務經驗與制度。二、實務層面：調整親屬照顧者訓練課程、加強親屬安置方案的宣導、督導與提升社工服務專業知能、彙整服務經驗成果與交流。關鍵字：家外安置、親屬安置、兒少保護The government is obligated to make arrangements for children and adolescents to receive adequate care when their families are in distress and become dysfunctional in childcare. Out-of-home placement is one approach that can be taken. Kinship care is the preferred option and an alternative care setting that is best suited to satisfy the needs of children and adolescents as they grow up. From the perspective of kinship careers, this study investigated various individuals’ experiences in kinship care to identify the challenges and stressors encountered in the process of caregiving. The difficulties and challenges child placing agencies faced in the provision of kinship care services were examined to formulate practical advices for the improvement of such services. A total of six individuals functioning as kinship careers or social workers in charge of kinship care services were interviewed in-depth, producing the following results and suggestions:Results: (1) The past experiences of kinship careers and the children or adolescents under their care are a key factor to the success of kinship care. (2) The family of orientation can be either a supporting factor or confounding factor. (3) The physical and mental wellbeing of careers, as well as their parenting skills, require close attention. (4) Cultural factors and familial relationship can make kinship care extremely challenging. (5) Before the placement that the assessment could be challenged either for the social workers or kinship careers. (6) The collaboration between social workers is conducive to the execution of kinship care services. (7) The provision of supportive services can contribute to a more stable kinship care.Suggestions: (1) Policy: Kinship care must be given priority to all other options. The process of kinship care should be made more comprehensive and the process of preplacement evaluation should be optimized. A mechanism must be devised to facilitate collaboration between social workers in the provision of children protection services. Experiences in placement services must be localized to establish a system adaptive to local situations. (2) Practice: Training courses for kinship careers must be amended. More effort must be invested in the advocacy of kinship care services. Social workers’ professional knowledge and skills must be improved and closely supervised. The experiences gained in placement services must be summarized to facilitate experience-sharing.Keywords: Out-of-home Placement、Kinship Care、Children Protection