從精神分析角度看絲兒薇亞 • 普拉斯夢品質詩作中的心靈療護功能

Abstract

在諸多評論絲兒薇亞•普拉斯（Sylvia Plath）的文章裡，特別是關乎詩義的層面，相左的意見總是多過相近者。似乎，爭執已經成為普拉斯研究中，在所難免的一環。很難得地，我們可以看到一篇評論文章，廣為接受而不遭駁斥。評論家們總是可以從普拉斯的一個生活特點切入，然後對她的同一個詩作，提出迥異的看法。就這一現象而言，評論家們對普拉斯作品的態度，跟佛洛伊德解夢的方式相去不遠。他們的這種態度使得普拉斯的作品像夢一樣，可以作多重解讀。毫無疑問地，這個現象讓普拉斯研究更為艱難，因為讀者往往發現自己困頓於大相逕庭的評論意見之中。 在本篇論文中，普拉斯的詩作將視如夢境。然而，作者之目的不在於解讀她具有夢品質的詩作，而是要運用佛洛伊德的夢理論，探究其詩作中的兩個夢境現象：1）受壓抑的慾望之轉換；2）願望實踐之完成。再者，作者也將檢視普拉斯的夢品質詩作如何慰藉著她，就像夢境護衛著夢者，讓他免於外界干擾一樣。 除了佛洛伊德的理論之外，本文也將納入拉岡與傅科的理論。他們的觀點可以將夢境的涵蓋面由個人擴及他者，由過去延伸到未來。本文將以佛洛伊德和這兩位理論家的更新觀念為研究方法，來探討普拉斯的夢品質詩作如何成為她應付生活壓力的療護聖品。據信，普拉斯藉此療護，行「文」如儀，直到她生命的最後一刻。In the criticisms on Sylvia Plath, especially with regard to the meanings of her poetry, it is a common phenomenon that there are more disagreements than there are agreements. Controversy seems to be an inescapable part of Plath study. Very rarely can we see a critic’s viewpoint accepted by the others without disputes. More often than not, based on a distinctive aspect of Sylvia Plath, the critics manage to offer a different, if not contradictory, interpretation of theselfsame poem. In this respect, the critics’ attitude toward Plath’s poetry differs little from the Freudian dream interpretation. It renders Plath’s poetry into a dream-like work which is capable of yielding a great variety of interpretations. Needless to say, these diverse interpretations would make Plath study even harder because the readers oftentimes find themselves perplexed by the self-contradictory viewpoints of the critics. In this thesis, Sylvia Plath’s poetry will be treated as dream-like work. However, rather than proceeding with interpreting her poetry, I will apply Freudian theory to probing the two dream features in her poetry: 1) the transformation of Plath’s suppressed desires; 2) the accomplishment of the wish fulfillment. On the other hand, I will also examine how Plath’s dream-like poetry shelters her the way dreams guard the dreamer from the outside world. In addition to the Freudian theory, this thesis will also incorporate those of Jacques Lacan and Michel Foucault. Their concepts contribute to expanding the domain of dreams from the self to the Other, and from the past to the future. Together with the Freudian theory, the revisions of Lacan and Foucault will serve as the methodology to explore in what way Plath’s dream-like poetry functions as her therapy to cope with the distressing reality in life. Presumably, Plath has conducted this poetry-writing therapy as a ritual till the last day of her life.