臺灣諮商人員之認知彈性、文化智商與多元文化諮商能力之相關研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討臺灣諮商人員的認知彈性、文化智商與多元文化諮商能力之間的關聯性，並假設在控制有關的背景變項、實務或訓練變項後，認知彈性與文化智商仍能顯著增加對多元文化諮商能力的解釋力。此外，也探討不同背景變項、訓練或實務變項的諮商人員，其多元文化諮商能力是否有顯著差異或相關。本研究先以203位臺灣諮商人員作為預試對象，經由項目分析、探索性因素分析與驗證性因素分析，發展出三因素結構的「簡式多元文化諮商能力量表」，其與「諮商自我效能量表」具有中度正相關，顯示其具有效標關聯效度。在正式研究階段，本研究以134位臺灣諮商人員為研究對象，使用「簡式多元文化諮商能力量表」、「文化智商量表」、「認知彈性量表」與「基本資料與多元文化相關經驗調查」作為研究工具。本研究採用描述統計、單因子多變量變異數分析、Pearson相關與多元階層迴歸進行資料分析，研究結果顯示：（1）臺灣諮商人員平均具有高度的多元文化諮商能力、中度偏高的文化智商與高度的認知彈性之自評表現；（2）臺灣諮商人員的多元文化諮商能力，不因不同性別、族群別、學歷與多元文化相關講座／工作坊參與時數而有顯著差異；（3）不同修習多元文化相關課程數的臺灣諮商人員，其多元文化諮商能力有顯著差異，諮商輔導年資與多元文化諮商能力亦呈現顯著正相關；（4）認知彈性、文化智商與多元文化諮商能力之間具有顯著正相關；（5）在控制諮商輔導年資與多元文化相關課程數後，認知彈性與文化智商仍能顯著增加對多元文化諮商能力的解釋力，其中後設認知性文化智商對於多元文化諮商能力的總分與「態度與信念」、「知識」、「技巧」分量表皆有顯著的正向預測力。本研究對上述研究結果進行討論，並據此提出對諮商教育與未來研究之建議，作為諮商教育者與未來研究之參考。This study aimed to explore the relationship among cognitive flexibility, cultural intelligence, and multicultural counseling competence (MCC) of professional counselors in Taiwan. The author hypothesized that cognitive flexibility and cultural intelligence would both add significant explained variance on MCC, while controlling for related demographic, practice or training variables. The study also investigated whether counselors in Taiwan with different demographic, practice and training variables had significant differences in their MCC. The pilot study recruited 203 professional counselors in Taiwan as participants, and item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to validate the three-factor Brief Multicultural Counseling Competence Scale. In the formal study, 134 professional counselors in Taiwan completed the Brief Multicultural Counseling Competence Scale, Cultural Intelligence Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Scale, and a survey of demographic information and multicultural experiences. Descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results of the study were listed as follows: (1) Self-reported data showed that counselors in Taiwan had a high level of MCC, moderately-high level of cultural intelligence, and high level of cognitive flexibility in average; (2) No significant differences of MCC were found among counselors of different genders, ethnicities, highest academic degrees, and multicultural workshop hours; (3) Significant differences of MCC were found between counselors with different number of multicultural courses taken, and the positive correlation between years of seniority in counseling and MCC was significant; (4) The positive correlations among cognitive flexibility, cultural intelligence, and MCC were significant; (5) After controlling for years of seniority and multicultural courses taken, cognitive flexibility and cultural intelligence still contributed for a significant amount of explained variance on MCC, and metacognitive cultural intelligence were significant positive predictors of all the subscales of MCC (Attitudes and Beliefs, Knowledge, Skills) and overall-MCC. Results and implications for counseling education and future research were discussed.