藝術與人文教科書歌唱與直笛曲目之內容研究

Abstract

本研究旨在針對藝術與人文學習領域教科書歌唱與直笛曲目之音樂內涵、音樂類型，以及與國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要藝術與人文學習領域之附錄教材內容的關連性進行內容分析，研究者選擇九十九學年度教育部通過之藝術與人文學習領域教科書為研究對象，國小包含南一、康軒、翰林三個版本，國中包含育成、南一、康軒、翰林四個版本，編製「教科書歌唱與直笛曲目之內涵類目表」、「教科書歌唱與直笛曲目之類型類目表」以及「教科書直笛與歌唱曲目之課程綱要附錄內容類目表」作為研究工具，獲致結論如下： 一、歌唱曲目音樂內涵方面：國中小各版本歌唱曲目以單拍子最多；調性與調式以大調最多；曲式以二段式最多；聲部以齊唱最多；語言以國語最多。 二、直笛曲目音樂內涵方面：國中小各版本直笛曲目以單拍子最多；調性與調式以大調最多；聲部以齊奏最多；曲式部份國中各版本以二段式最多；音程部份國小各版本音程皆依冊次逐漸增加。 三、歌唱曲目音樂類型方面：國中小各版本歌唱曲目在地區方面皆以臺灣佔所有地區之冠；風格方面國小各版本以民謠為多數，國中亦以民謠或流行音樂為多數。 四、直笛曲目音樂類型方面：地區方面國小以臺灣曲目、美國曲目或日本曲目居冠，國中則以歐洲曲目為多數；風格方面國小以民謠曲目最多，國中則以民謠及流行音樂並列最多。 五、歌唱與直笛曲目與課程綱要教材內容關連方面：國民小學各版本教科書之歌唱與直笛曲目與課程綱要教材內容，在第二階段的藝術生活方面各版本略有不同，第三階段方面，各版本皆著重於習唱與欣賞不同時期、地區、文化風格的音樂。國民中學各版本教科書均著重演奏、演唱、欣賞多種文化風格的樂曲。The purpose of the study was to conduct a content analysis on the singing and recorder repertoires of music textbooks for elementary and junior-high school music teaching. Four textbook versions (Nani, Kang Hsuan, Han Lin, and Uchen) were reviewed in this research. “Content Analysis Scales”, “Category Analysis Scales”, and “Curriculum Comparison Scales” were designed and applied in this research. The researcher attempted to review the characters and differences of repertoires in each version of textbook. The findings, discussions, and the conclusions were as follows: 1. Duple meter, major modality, and binary form were most used in singing repertoire. Sing in unison and Chinese language were the most numerous. Singing range was increased with grades. 2. Duple meter, major modality, playing in unison, and binary form were appeared most frequently. The melodic range was increased with grades in the recorder repertoires. 3. Folk song and popular music were appeared most in the textbooks. 4. Taiwanese, American and Japanese repertoires were found most in the elementary textbooks; European repertoire was the most common for the junior high school.