以事件關聯電位探討運動類型在老年人執行功能表現之差異

Abstract

過去探討身體活動與認知功能有關研究，運動處方主要針對強度、持續時間、次數，然而較少探討運動類型與認知功能之關係。從過去研究發現在豐富環境活動的老鼠，大腦的神經突觸增長且密度增加的現象，因此開放性運動相較閉鎖性運動是否有助於老年人的認知功能效果更佳。目的:本研究主要探討不同運動類型的老年人在Flanker作業的N2、P3潛伏時間、振幅之差異。方法:參與者分為從事開放組20位、閉鎖組20位、無運動組20位，每組必須接受測量Flanker作業，統計以三因子混合設計變異數分析 (3組別×2情境×3電極)。結果:開放組與閉鎖組相較無運動組有較快的反應時間及較大的N2振幅。結論:開放組與閉鎖組相較無運動組有較快的訊息處理速度，使的反應時間較佳。不論運動類型皆有助於改善反應抑制的處理能力。Early studies have revealed a close relationship between physical activity and cognitive functions in older adults. However, most of the studies considered about the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise, few of them discussed about exercise types. Previous research has evidenced that an enriched environment seems to bring more cognitive benefit than a constant environment. Purpose：Our study examined the difference in executive function of the elderly between two exercise types, such as open-skill exercise and closed-skill exercise. Method：Sixty elders, whose mean age between 65-75 years, were recruited according to their exercise habits (open-skill exerciser, closed-skill exerciser, or irregular exerciser). They were asked to complete the Flanker task along with the event-related potentials recorded. Results：The open-skill and closed-skill groups performed faster reaction time and exhibited larger N2 amplitude than the irregular-exercise group. Conclusion：Those elders involving in either open-skill or closed-skill physical activity perform better executive function than those sedentary elders. We suggested that, for older adults, participating in regular exercise is a useful way to maintain their cognitive functions.